The spatio-temporal distribution of a rodent reservoir host of cutaneous leishmaniasis
The spatio-temporal distribution of a rodent reservoir host of cutaneous leishmaniasis
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00522.x
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Delattre, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fichet-Calvet, E;Jomâa, I;Delattre, P
1.啮齿动物Psamomys obesus是大利什曼原虫的主要宿主，利什曼原虫是突尼斯、北非大部分地区和中西亚地区皮肤利什曼原虫病的病原体。了解这种啮齿动物的种群动态，对于建立基于对啮齿动物暴发的早期预测的预防性控制策略是至关重要的。在区域尺度上研究黄体疟原虫的动态需要基于指数的抽样。利用突尼斯中部Sidi Bouzid地区周围的横断面，每年在繁殖季节开始和结束时监测两次啮齿动物数量。两个流域出现了两种不同类型的动力。生活在盆地北部的啮齿动物密度低，生活在盆地南部的啮齿动物密度高。在样地的规模上，占据的洞穴通常与三种藜科植物的存在有关：白蜡梅科、粉防己科和果树科，很少出现在单一的群系中。然而，在干旱时期，被占用的洞穴漂移到与土壤高水分和高盐分有关的青冈地层(chi(2)MacNemar=6.26)。可以通过同时了解流域的洪水状况、盐生植物形成的分布以及啮齿动物在枯竭过程中的渐进运动来评估黄疫霉暴发的风险。啮齿动物横断面指数重复性好，经济实用，适用于其他发生皮肤利什曼病的发展中国家。这项工作表明，简单的生态学方法可以帮助评估流行病风险的空间和时间部分，如暴发时啮齿动物群体与人类栖息地之间的接近程度。
1. The rodent Psammomys obesus is the main reservoir host for Leishmania major, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia, much of North Africa and mid-western Asia. An understanding of the population dynamics of this rodent is essential to establish a preventive control strategy based on the early prediction of rodent outbreaks.2. The study of P. obesus dynamics at a regional scale requires index-based sampling. Rodent numbers were monitored twice per year at the beginning and end of the breeding season, using transects around the Sidi Bouzid region in central Tunisia.3. Two different types of dynamics occurred in two drainage basins. Rodents living in the northern basin were at low density and those living in the southern basin were at high density.4. At the scale of a plot, occupied burrows were generally associated with the presence of three Chenopodiaceae: Arthrocnemum glaucum, Salsola tetrandra and Su ae da fruticosa, rarely in monospecific formations. However, in dry periods, occupied burrows drifted to A. glaucum formation linked with high moisture and salinity of the soil (chi(2) MacNemar = 6.26).5. The risk of a P. obesus outbreak can be assessed by a simultaneous knowledge of flooding regimes in the drainage basins, the distribution of halophytic plant formations, and the progressive movements of the rodents as drying out proceeds. The transect indices of rodents are easily repeatable, economical and would be applicable in other developing countries where cutaneous leishmaniasis occurs.6. This work illustrates that simple ecological methods can assist the assessment of spatial and temporal components of epidemiological risk such as the proximity between rodent colonies and human habitats at the time of outbreaks.