Dynamical Coupling Between Hurricane Matthew and the Middle to Upper Atmosphere via Gravity Waves
Dynamical Coupling Between Hurricane Matthew and the Middle to Upper Atmosphere via Gravity Waves
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DOI：
10.1029/2018ja026453
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发表时间：
2019-05
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shuang Xu;J. Yue;X. Xue;S. Vadas;S. Miller;I. Azeem;W. Straka;L. Hoffmann;Simin Zhang
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文献类型：
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作者：
Shuang Xu;J. Yue;X. Xue;S. Vadas;S. Miller;I. Azeem;W. Straka;L. Hoffmann;Simin Zhang
2016年9月30日至10月9日，飓风马修穿越加勒比海到达美国东海岸。在加勒比海中部最强烈的时期，马修激发了大量同心重力波（GWs或CGWs）。本文报道了星载卫星在平流层和中间层以及地面全球定位系统接收机在电离层观测到的飓风产生的CGWs。在平流层（高度为~30 ~ 40 km）和中层顶气光层（高度为~85 ~ 90 km）中发现了水平波长为~200 ~ 300 km的CGWs，在电离层（高度为~100 ~ 400 km）中发现了水平波长为~250 ~ 350 km的同心圆行进电离层扰动（TIDs或CTIDs）。在2016年10月1日、2日和7日，观测到的TIDs持续了数小时以上。我们还简要讨论了飓风马修诱发的GWs和TIDs的垂直和水平传播。研究表明，飓风马修通过GWs在对流层和整个中高层大气之间引起了显著的动力耦合。这是第一次对飓风事件产生的重力波从对流层经平流层和中间层进入电离层的传播进行全面的卫星分析。
During 30 September to 9 October 2016, Hurricane Matthew traversed the Caribbean Sea to the east coast of the United States. During its period of greatest intensity, in the central Caribbean, Matthew excited a large number of concentric gravity waves (GWs or CGWs). In this paper, we report on hurricane‐generated CGWs observed in both the stratosphere and mesosphere from spaceborne satellites and in the ionosphere by ground Global Positioning System receivers. We found CGWs with horizontal wavelengths of ~200–300 km in the stratosphere (height of ~30–40 km) and in the airglow layer of the mesopause (height of ~85–90 km), and we found concentric traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs or CTIDs) with horizontal wavelengths of ~250–350 km in the ionosphere (height of ~100–400 km). The observed TIDs lasted for more than several hours on 1, 2, and 7 October 2016. We also briefly discuss the vertical and horizontal propagation of the Hurricane Matthew‐induced GWs and TIDs. This study shows that Hurricane Matthew induced significant dynamical coupling between the troposphere and the entire middle and upper atmosphere via GWs. It is the first comprehensive satellite analysis of gravity wave propagation generated by hurricane event from the troposphere through the stratosphere and mesosphere into the ionosphere.