A Sub-100 μW MICS/ISM Band Transmitter Based on Injection-Locking and Frequency Multiplication
A Sub-100 μW MICS/ISM Band Transmitter Based on Injection-Locking and Frequency Multiplication
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DOI：
10.1109/jssc.2011.2118030
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Otis, Brian P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pandey, Jagdish;Otis, Brian P.
对于完全自主的植入式或身体穿戴式设备运行的收集的能量，无线电发射机的峰值和平均功耗必须最小化。此外，对等网络应用必须保持链路对称性。我们提出了一个高度集成的90 μ W 400 MHz MICS波段发射机的输出功率为20 μ W，导致22%的全球效率最高的低功耗MICS波段系统的日期报告。我们介绍了一种新的发射机架构的基础上级联多相注入锁定和倍频，使低功耗操作和高的全球效率。我们的架构消除了用于频率合成的慢速相位/延迟锁定环路，并使用注入锁定来实现< 250 ns的建立时间，从而允许非常积极的发射机占空比以节省能量。在200 kbps的数据速率下，发射机实现了450 pJ/bit的能效。我们的400 MHz本振拓扑在锁定至稳定的晶振基准电压源时，表现出204 dB的品质因数。该发射器在130 nm CMOS中占用0.04 mm（2）的有源芯片面积，除晶体和匹配网络外完全集成。
For fully autonomous implantable or body-worn devices running on harvested energy, the peak and average power dissipation of the radio transmitter must be minimized. Additionally, link symmetry must be maintained for peer-to-peer network applications. We propose a highly integrated 90 mu W 400 MHz MICS band transmitter with an output power of 20 mu W, leading to a 22% global efficiency-the highest reported to date for low-power MICS band systems. We introduce a new transmitter architecture based on cascaded multi-phase injection locking and frequency multiplication to enable low power operation and high global efficiency. Our architecture eliminates slow phase/delay-locked loops for frequency synthesis and uses injection locking to achieve a settling time < 250 ns permitting very aggressive duty cycling of the transmitter to conserve energy. At a data-rate of 200 kbps, the transmitter achieves an energy efficiency of 450 pJ/bit. Our 400 MHz local oscillator topology demonstrates a figure-of-merit of 204 dB while locked to a stable crystal reference. The transmitter occupies 0.04 mm(2) of active die area in 130 nm CMOS and is fully integrated except for the crystal and the matching network.