Studies of the microbiology of periodontosis.
Studies of the microbiology of periodontosis.
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牙周病微生物学研究。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ann Crawford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Newman;S. Socransky;E. Savitt;D. Propas;Ann Crawford
这些研究的目的是调查人类牙周病病变的根尖部分中的微生物群。细菌菌斑是人类牙周病的主要病原体的证据已被记录在最近的审查。“此外，一些研究还检查了正常龈沟和牙周袋中主要的可培养微生物群。这些报告表明，与正常和病理部位相关的微生物群可能存在差异。没有关于牙周病病变中微生物群的研究。因此，进行本研究以确定牙周病袋深处微生物群的性质，作为了解微生物在这种不寻常的临床状况中可能发挥的作用的先决条件。对任何口腔部位的主要可培养微生物群的研究都存在许多问题，如果不了解这些问题，可能会导致难以解释的信息。这些问题包括难以诊断临床疾病状况、取样、培养许多不同的生物体以及一旦分离出生物体就难以对其进行鉴定。例如，在早期研究中检查的混合样本可能通过将牙周受累区域的细菌与正常部位的生物体结合而掩盖了不同部位之间细菌组成的差异。此外，无法培养氧敏感的微生物和对许多存在于菌斑中的微生物进行分类导致了进一步的混乱。牙周病研究中最有趣的问题之一是特定的药物是否会导致特定形式的牙周病。在早期的一项对14名诊断为牙周病的患者的研究中，纽曼和Socransky报告说，牙周病病变比同一患者的正常部位含有更多的革兰氏阴性厌氧杆菌。对照部位的微生物与正常人龈上菌斑中发现的微生物相似。然而，在牙周袋区域中，革兰氏阴性厌氧杆菌的比例急剧增加，占总可培养微生物群的40%至78%。这些生物体中的大多数不能被当前的分类方案所识别，并根据形态和生理特征分类法被分为五组。欧文等人将代表5组革兰氏阴性厌氧杆菌中3组的菌株作为单一污染物植入无菌大鼠，还有纽·沃特曼和索克兰斯基在每种情况下，生物体的植入导致广泛的牙槽骨破坏，伴随着明显的骨破坏反应，而没有显微镜可见的牙菌斑形成或根龋。这些研究表明，特定的革兰氏阴性厌氧杆菌可能参与牙周病的发病机制。本研究证实并扩展了对与牙周病病变相关的微生物群性质的观察。此外，牙周病患者的弟弟妹妹以及“正常”青少年的磨牙和切牙上存在的革兰氏阴性厌氧杆的性质也被寻找。最后，在无菌大鼠中测试了两个主要分离生物群的代表菌株的致病潜力。所提供的数据代表了早期研究和本调查的累积信息。
T H E PURPOSE OF these studies was to investigate the microbiota in the apical portion of lesions of human periodontosis. The evidence that bacterial plaque is the major etiologic agent in human periodontal diseases has been documented in recent reviews." In addition a number of studies have examined the predominant cultivable microbiota of the normal gingival sulcus and the periodontal pocket. ,6 These reports suggest that differences may exist in the microbiota associated with normal and pathologic sites. No studies were available concerning the microbiota in the periodontosis lesion. Thus the present investigation was undertaken to deter mine the nature of the microbiota in the depths of the periodontosis pocket as a prerequisite to the understand ing of the role which microorganisms might play in this unusual clinical condition. Studies of the predominant cultivable microbiota of any oral site present a number of problems which if not appreciated may lead to information which is difficult to interpret. Such problems include difficulties in diagnos ing clinical disease status, sample taking, cultivation of the many diverse organisms and identification of the organisms once they have been isolated. For example, pooled samples examined in earlier studies probably obscured differences in bacterial composition between various sites by combining bacteria from periodontally involved areas with organisms from normal sites. In addition the inability to cultivate oxygen sensitive orga nisms and to classify many organisms resident in plaque led to further confusion. One of the most intriguing questions in periodontal research is whether specific agents cause specific forms of periodontal disease. In an earlier study of 14 patients diagnosed as having periodontosis, Newman and Socransky reported that periodontosis lesions contained significantly more gram-negative anaerobic rods than normal sites within the same patient. Control sites harbored microorganisms similar to those found in supragingival plaque of normal individuals. However, in the periodontal pocket areas, gram-negative anaerobic rods were dramatically increased in proportions compris ing 40 to 78% of the total cultivable microbiota. The majority of these organisms could not be identified by current classification schemes and were divided into five groups based on morphologic and physiologic character istics. Strains representing three of the five groups of gramnegative anaerobic rods were implanted in germ-free rats as monocontaminants by Irving et al., and New man and Socransky. In each case implantation of the organisms led to extensive alveolar bone destruction accompanied by a marked osteoclastic response without microscopically visable plaque formation or root caries. These studies suggested that specific gram-negative anaerobic rods may participate in the pathogenesis of periodontosis. The present investigation confirms and extends obser vations on the nature of the microbiota associated with periodontosis lesions. In addition, the nature of the gram-negative anaerobic rods present on molars and incisors of younger siblings of periodontosis patients as well as "normal" adolescents was sought. Finally, the pathogenic potential of representative strains of two of the major groups of isolated organisms was tested in gnotobiotic rats. The data presented represents cummulative information from earlier studies and the present investigation.