Assays to measure estrogen and androgen agonists and antagonists.
Assays to measure estrogen and androgen agonists and antagonists.
复制标题
测定雌激素和雄激素激动剂和拮抗剂的测定。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4899-0089-0_3
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Olea,N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soto,AM;Michaelson,CL;Prechtl,NV;Weill,BC;Sonnenschein,C;Olea-Serrano,F;Olea,N
大量证据表明，许多外源性物质在鱼类、野生动物和人类中具有类似鱼的作用（Colbornet等人，1993年）。外源性物质的内分泌和生殖效应被认为是由于它们1）模仿内源性激素如雌激素和雄激素的作用，2）拮抗正常内源性激素的作用，3）改变天然激素的合成和代谢模式，和4）改变激素受体水平。雌激素模拟物（异种雌激素）是被发现对野生动物和人类造成生殖损害的环境化学品之一。所有这些化合物在释放到环境中很久之后都被发现是雌激素。在人类有职业暴露的情况下，可以确定一个单一的致病因子，而在野生动物有生殖损伤迹象的情况下，暴露通常是一个内分泌干扰物的组合，可能有累积作用。据推测，环境雌激素可能在过去50年中人类精液数量和质量的下降中发挥作用。它们也可能是工业化世界中男性睾丸癌和隐睾以及女性和男性乳腺癌发病率增加的部分原因。检验这一假设将需要：1）在环境中存在的化学品中鉴定异种雌激素，2）开发一种方法来评估人类暴露的异种雌激素混合物之间的相互作用，以及3）发现雌激素暴露的标志物。快速和灵敏的生物测定的发展是实现这三个目标的核心。
Substantial evidence has surfaced on the hormone-like effects of many xenobiotics in fish, wildlife and humans (Colbornet al., 1993). The endocrine and reproductive effects of xenobiotics are believed to be due to their 1)mimickingthe effects of endogenous hormones such as estrogens and androgens, 2)antagonizingthe effects of normal, endogenous hormones, 3)alteringthe pattern of synthesis and metabolism of natural hormones, and 4)modifyingthe hormone receptor levels.Estrogen mimics (xenoestrogens) are among the environmental chemicals found to cause reproductive impairment in wildlife and humans. All of these compounds were found to be estrogenic long after they had been released into the environment. A single causal agent can be identified in cases in which humans have had occupational exposures, whereas in cases where wildlife have shown signs of reproductive damage the exposure is usually a combination of endocrine disruptors that may have acted cumulatively.It has been hypothesized that environmental estrogens may play a role in the decrease of human semen quantity and quality of human semen during the last 50 years. They may also be partly responsible for the increased incidence of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in males and breast cancer incidence in both females and males in the industrialized word. Testing this hypothesis will require: 1) the identification of xenoestrogens among the chemicals present in the environment, 2) the development of a methodology to assess the interactions among mixtures of xenoestrogens to which humans are exposed, and 3) the discovery of markers of estrogen exposure. The development of fast and sensitive bioassays is central to the achievement of these three goals.