Personalized Cancer Risk Assessments for Space Radiation Exposures
Personalized Cancer Risk Assessments for Space Radiation Exposures
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fonc.2016.00038
复制
发表时间：
2016-02-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Weil, Michael M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Locke, Paul A.;Weil, Michael M.
个体对放射性癌症的易感性不同，有证据表明这种个体间易感性延伸到HZE离子诱导的致癌作用。个人风险的三个组成部分：性别，暴露年龄和先前的烟草使用，已经被纳入美国宇航局癌症风险模型，用于确定美国宇航员在太空中的安全天数。在这里，我们研究了可能包括在风险计算中的其他风险因素。这些包括个人和家族病史、由于辐射照射而可能发生恶性转化的癌前细胞的存在、辐射敏感性表型测定的结果、与辐射敏感性相关的遗传遗传多态性以及飞行后监测。列入这些额外的风险或风险降低因素有可能使对单个航天员的风险估计个性化，并可能影响空间安全天数的确定。我们考虑如何使用这种类型的评估，并探讨如何联邦遗传信息非歧视法的规定可能会影响收集，传播和使用这些信息的NASA。
Individuals differ in their susceptibility to radiogenic cancers, and there is evidence that this inter-individual susceptibility extends to HZE ion-induced carcinogenesis. Three components of individual risk: sex, age at exposure, and prior tobacco use, are already incorporated into the NASA cancer risk model used to determine safe days in space for US astronauts. Here, we examine other risk factors that could potentially be included in risk calculations. These include personal and family medical history, the presence of pre-malignant cells that could undergo malignant transformation as a consequence of radiation exposure, the results from phenotypic assays of radiosensitivity, heritable genetic polymorphisms associated with radiosensitivity, and postflight monitoring. Inclusion of these additional risk or risk reduction factors has the potential to personalize risk estimates for individual astronauts and could influence the determination of safe days in space. We consider how this type of assessment could be used and explore how the provisions of the federal Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act could impact the collection, dissemination and use of this information by NASA.