The labor market effects of introducing unemployment benefits in an economy with high informality
The labor market effects of introducing unemployment benefits in an economy with high informality
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DOI：
10.1016/j.euroecorev.2014.10.010
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Esteban-Pretel, Julen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bosch, Mariano;Esteban-Pretel, Julen
许多发展中经济体不存在失业救济制度。引入这种制度带来了许多挑战，部分原因是这些经济体劳动力市场的高度非正规性。本文研究了在非正规部门规模大、正规部门和非正规部门之间劳动力流动高的经济体中实施失业救济制度对劳动力市场的影响。我们建立了一个搜索和匹配模型与内源性破坏，在工作搜索，和部门间的流动，在经济中的代理商最佳决定是否正式的工作。我们校准模型为墨西哥，并表明，引入失业救济金制度，工人在正式市场就业时作出贡献，并在失去工作时领取救济金，即使他们获得非正式工作，也会导致经济中的正式性增加，同时也会导致失业率小幅上升。纳入这些福利的确切影响取决于两种相反影响的相对强度：福利的慷慨程度和为这些福利提供资金的缴款水平。我们还显示了与劳动力市场其他干预措施的重要政策互补性。特别是，将失业救济计划与降低正规性成本的政策（如降低就业税和解雇成本）相结合，可以大大减少非正规性，降低对失业的影响。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Unemployment benefit systems are nonexistent in many developing economies. Introducing such systems poses many challenges which are partly due to the high level of informality in the labor markets of these economies. This paper studies the consequences on the labor market of implementing an unemployment benefit system in economies with large informal sectors and high flows of workers between formality and informality. We build a search and matching model with endogenous destruction, on-the-job search, and intersectoral flows, where agents in the economy decide optimally whether or not to formalize jobs. We calibrate the model for Mexico, and show that the introduction of an unemployment benefit system, where workers contribute when employed in the formal market and collect benefits when they lose their jobs, even if they obtain informal jobs, can lead to an increase in formality in the economy, while also producing small increases in unemployment. The exact impact of incorporating such benefits depends on the relative strength of two opposing effects: the generosity of the benefits and the level of the contributions that finance those benefits. We also show important policy complementarities with other interventions in the labor market. In particular, combining the unemployment benefit program with policies that reduce the cost of formality, such as lower employment taxes and firing costs, can produce greater decreases in informality and lower impacts on unemployment than when the program is applied in isolation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.