Modeling Human Performance for Human-Robot Systems
Modeling Human Performance for Human-Robot Systems
复制标题
人机系统的人类表现建模
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Adams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Harriott;J. Adams
人的绩效在系统绩效中起着重要的作用，并受到一系列内部、组织和环境因素的影响。人类机器人系统正在开发用于大量领域，包括家庭护理，军事部署，紧急响应，工业机器人和治疗应用。人的性能建模提供了一个机会，可以研究多个系统原型和理论，关于人的性能，可以在人在回路实验中进一步评估，以快速适应快速变化的机器人技术，并代表人类在极端条件下的行为。与机器人的互动也会影响人类的表现，而人类-机器人系统的模型提供了一个途径来研究人类-机器人合作对人类表现的影响。本章提供了一个概述的例子，代表评估人类在人-机器人系统中的表现的常见方法。表3.2总结了这些主题，包括人因建模的描述、常用人因建模工具的总结、人因建模的示例（重点是其在人机系统中的应用）、关于模型验证的信息以及机器人因建模技术的实施指南。人与系统交互的表现影响系统的有效性。众所周知，人的表现各不相同，有许多因素会影响人的表现。过去十年中，绝大多数人机系统文献都集中在评估系统和测量人类表现上。重要的是不仅要衡量，而且要描述和模拟人的表现，以及它如何影响整个系统的目标和目的。未来人-机器人系统设计的一个关键方面是了解人的表现如何影响与机器人的交互，从而使整个系统在高度不确定和动态的领域中更加鲁棒。人的表现建模可以为如何设计支持人机交互的系统、如何设计机器人和更好的界面以及系统如何适应人的表现退化提供重要的见解。人的性能建模在一般系统设计中有着悠久的历史，但直到最近才开始在人机系统中受到关注。
Human performance plays an important role in system performance and is influenced by a wide set of internal, organizational, and environmental factors. Human-robot systems are being developed for a large number of domains, including in-home care, military deployments, emergency response, industrial robots, and therapeutic applications. Human performance modeling provides the opportunity to investigate multiple system prototypes and theories regarding human performance that can be further evaluated in human-in- the-loop experiments, to quickly adapt to rapidly changing robotic technology, and to represent human behavior in extreme conditions. Interacting with robots also influences human performance, and models of the human-robot system provide an avenue to investigate the impact on human performance that the human-robot teaming elicits. This chapter provides an overview of examples representing common methods for assessing human performance in human-robot systems. The topics are summarized in Table 3.2 and include a description of human performance modeling, a summary of commonly used human performance modeling tools, examples of human performance modeling with a focus on its application in human-robot systems, information regarding the validation of models, and guidelines for implementing human performance modeling techniques for robotics. IntR oduCtIon The performance of humans interacting with a system influences the effectiveness of the system. It is common knowledge that human performance varies and that a number of factors influence human performance. The vast majority of human-robot systems litera- ture over the last decade has focused on evaluating systems and measuring human perfor- mance. It is important not only to measure but also to characterize and model human performance and how it impacts overall system goals and objectives. A critical aspect of future human-robot system design is understanding how human performance can influ- ence interaction with a robot, such that the overall system is more robust in highly uncer- tain and dynamic domains. Modeling of human performance can provide important insight into how to design systems to support human-robot interaction, how to design robots and better interfaces, and how the system can adapt to human performance degra- dations. Human performance modeling has a long history in general system design but has only recently begun to receive attention in relation to human-robot systems.