Occurrence of palytoxins in marine organisms from different trophic levels of the French Mediterranean coast harvested in 2009
Occurrence of palytoxins in marine organisms from different trophic levels of the French Mediterranean coast harvested in 2009
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DOI：
10.1016/j.hal.2013.04.007
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Krys, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bire, R.;Trotereau, S.;Krys, S.
位于法国地中海沿岸的尼斯和滨海自由城的四个地点，在2009年夏季进行了监测，以确定是否存在附生和寄生的Ostreopsis cf。在2009年6月至9月期间采样的15个物种中，发现有几个物种受到OVTX-a（作为主要毒素）（毒素谱的90%）和PITX的污染;这包括鱼类、棘皮动物、腹足类、甲壳类和头足类。污染水平因地理和物种而异，草食性物种的毒素水平通常高于肉食性物种。对海胆Paracentrotus lividus消化管和剩余组织或鱼卵之间毒素分布的测定表明，毒素被隔离在消化管中。在研究过程中记录到的最高毒素水平是392.2 μ g的OVTX-a和PITX的总和每公斤DT的平头鲻鱼Mugil cephalus。在海胆卵或其他海产的有毒成分中，并没有发现可量化的毒素。然而，在几个案例中，当知道欧洲食品安全当局的意见是成年人不应摄入每公斤贝类肉超过30微克的PITX + OST-D，以避免对消费者的健康构成威胁时，被分析的生物体的整个肉中的毒素水平超过30微克OVTX-a + PITX/公斤。在以下四种物种中观察到了这种现象：海胆P. lividus、红口石壳Stramonita haemastoma、疣蟹Eriphia verrucosa和平头鲻鱼M.收集这些数据对于完善和完成PITX及其类似物的风险评估非常重要，必须鼓励收集这些数据，以便为建立保护食用海洋生物消费者的监管水平提供可靠的信息（C）2013 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Four sites located in Nice and Villefranche-sur-Mer, on the French Mediterranean coast, were monitored during the summer of 2009 for the presence of epiphytic and planktonic Ostreopsis cf. ovata, and that of palytoxin (PITX) and 2 of its analogues (ovatoxin-a (OVTX-a) and ostreocin-D (OST-D)) in different marine organisms.Several of the 15 species that were sampled between June and September 2009 were found to be contaminated with OVTX-a as the major toxin (90% of the toxin profile) and PITX; this included fish, echinoderms, gastropods, crustaceans and cephalopods. The contamination levels varied geographically and between species, with the herbivorous species generally having higher toxin levels than carnivorous ones.The determination of the toxin distribution between the digestive tube (DT) and the remaining tissue (RT) or roe in the case of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus showed that the toxins were sequestered in the DT. The highest toxin level ever recorded over the course of the study was of 392.2 mu g for the sum of OVTX-a and PITX per kg of DT of the flathead mullet Mugil cephalus. No quantifiable levels of toxins were found in the roe of the sea urchins or in the RT of the other marine products. However, in several cases, the toxin level in the whole flesh of the analysed organisms was above 30 mu g OVTX-a + PITX/kg, when knowing that the European food safety authority's opinion is that an adult should not ingest more than 30 mu g PITX + OST-D per kg of shellfish meat to avoid putting the consumer's health at risk. This was observed for the following four species: the sea urchin P. lividus, the red-mouthed rock shell Stramonita haemastoma, the warty crab Eriphia verrucosa and the flathead mullet M. cephalus.The collection of such data is of great importance to refine and complete the risk assessment of PITX and its analogues and has to be encouraged in order to provide reliable information for setting up a regulatory level that would protect the consumers of edible marine organisms (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.