TRANSFORMING RURAL HUNTERS INTO CONSERVATIONISTS - AN ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY-BASED WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN AFRICA
TRANSFORMING RURAL HUNTERS INTO CONSERVATIONISTS - AN ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY-BASED WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN AFRICA
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DOI：
10.1016/0305-750x(95)00025-8
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发表时间：
1995-06-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
MARKS, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GIBSON, CC;MARKS, SA
东部和南部非洲传统野生动物管理的失败导致一些国家实施了以社区为基础的野生动物计划。我们研究了这些举措对农村猎人的假设，并描述了这些计划如何试图引导个人远离非法狩猎。利用博弈论和赞比亚的案例研究，我们发现这些计划误解了当地狩猎的一些经济、政治和社会效益。因此，以社区为基础的野生动物管理计划之所以能够成功地保护一些大型哺乳动物，只是因为其执法水平的提高，而不是其分配社会经济效益的能力。当地猎人并没有支持保护，而是继续以与计划实施前相当的速度捕杀猎物，尽管他们已经改变了策略和猎物选择。
The failure of conventional wildlife management in Eastern and Southern Africa has led several countries to implement community-based wildlife programs. We examine the assumptions these initiatives make about rural hunters, and describe how the programs attempt to induce individuals away from illegal hunting. Using game theory and a case study from Zambia, we find that these programs misunderstand some of the economic, political and social benefits of local hunting. As a result, community-based wildlife management schemes succeed in protecting some of the larger mammals only by virtue of their increased enforcement levels, not their ability to distribute socioeconomic benefits. Rather than support conservation, local hunters continue to kill game at a rate comparable to the days before the programs, although they have shifted their tactics and prey selection.