Toward a Holistic Management Perspective
Toward a Holistic Management Perspective
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走向整体管理视角
DOI：
10.2307/1310020
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Risser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Risser
在生态学中，正如在其他科学学科中一样，有时某些概念和实验方法似乎对解决特定问题或刺激理解的巨大飞跃具有特殊的希望。这些准协调一致的方法的最终结果各不相同。有些科学潮流是由旧观念的短暂重新装扮而产生的；它们产生了兴趣，但在理解上几乎没有实际的提高。其他例子显然代表着改变科学事业运作方式的突破，或者提供了根本性的新认识。大多数流行趋势最终落在这两个极端之间，产生一些新的信息，也许是一种新的实验技术，以及我们的理解的逐步增加。的确，科学史上偶尔会出现真正洞察力的迸发，或者在科学的死胡同里追逐难以捉摸的概念的引人注目的片段。今天，有几种方法来研究压力下的生态系统，如果有的话，还有待观察，哪种方法会产生强有力的解决问题的结果。15年或更长时间以来，生态学家一直在支持一种“整体”方法
In ecology, as in other scientific disciplines, there are times when certain conceptual and experimental approaches appear to hold special promise for solving specific problems or stimulating great leaps forward in understanding. The ultimate consequences of these quasi-concerted approaches vary. Some scientific fads arise from the ephemeral reclothing of old ideas; they generate interest but little actual improvement in understanding. Other instances clearly represent breakthroughs that change the ways the scientific enterprise is conducted or provide fundamental new understanding. Most popular trends eventually fall between these extremes, producing some new information, perhaps a novel experimental technique, and an incremental increase in our understanding. Indeed, the history of science has only infrequently been punctuated by bursts of real insight or conspicuous episodes of chasing elusive notions up scientific blind alleys. Today, there are several approaches to studying ecosystems under stress, and it remains to be seen which, if any, will produce powerful problem-solving results. For 15 years or more, ecologists have been espousing a "holistic" approach to