Affective imagery and the startle response: Probing mechanisms of modulation during pleasant scenes, personal experiences, and discrete negative emotions
Affective imagery and the startle response: Probing mechanisms of modulation during pleasant scenes, personal experiences, and discrete negative emotions
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DOI：
10.1017/s0048577202394095
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Levenston, GK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, MW;Patrick, CJ;Levenston, GK
两项实验探讨了有关情绪想象过程中听觉惊跳反射调节的以下问题：（1）在愉悦事件的想象过程中，惊跳是被抑制还是被增强？（2）个人想象场景和标准想象场景的惊跳调节是否不同？（3）在愤怒和恐惧时惊跳的调节是否不同？对于标准场景，在厌恶想象期间惊跳反应比在愉悦想象期间更强烈，且两者都超过中性想象。在个人愉悦场景的想象过程中眨眼增强效应比在非个人愉悦场景中更显著。愤怒和恐惧材料的惊跳增强效应没有差异，但在自我报告、皱眉肌肌电图和心率反应方面发现了差异。这些结果表明，除了想象材料的情绪效价外，惊跳反应还受到与感官环境的参与程度或主动脱离程度的影响。研究结果还表明，恐惧和愤怒在情感报告、心脏动员和表达行为方面是可区分的，但在发生反射启动的主要动机层面上没有差异。
Two experiments addressed the following issues concerning modulation of the acoustic startle reflex during emotional imagery: (1) Is startle inhibited or potentiated during imagery of pleasurable events? (2) Does startle modulation differ for personal versus standard imagery scenes? (3) Is startle modulated differently during anger versus fear? For standard scenes, startle was greater during aversive than pleasant imagery, with both exceeding neutral. Blink potentiation was greater during imagery of personal pleasant than nonpersonal pleasant scenes. Startle potentiation did not differ for anger versus fear material, but differences were found in self-report, corrugator EMG, and HR response. These results suggest that in addition to the emotional valence of imagined material, startle reactivity is influenced by the degree of engagement or active disengagement from the sensory environment. The findings also indicate that fear and anger are differentiable in terms of affective report, cardiac mobilization, and expressive behavior, but not at the primary motivational level at which reflex priming occurs.