Toward a developmental operational definition of autism
Toward a developmental operational definition of autism
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1005571115268
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sparrow, SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillham, JE;Carter, AS;Sparrow, SS
诊断自闭症的传统方法强调沟通和社交的延迟。传统的诊断方案通常列出症状(例如，缺乏眼神交流)，但在如何在诊断中纳入有关发育水平的信息方面提供的指导很少。由于标准化的适应行为测量可以提供有关儿童与年龄相关的沟通、社交和其他行为的信息，因此它们可能是诊断自闭症的有用工具。这项研究调查了Vinland适应行为量表识别自闭症儿童的能力。对患有自闭症、PDDNOS和其他发育障碍(DD)的儿童进行Vineland评分和智力功能测量。判别函数分析表明，孤独症和混合型非孤独症(PDDNOS和DD)可以根据社交、日常生活能力和严重的适应不良行为来区分。在诊断的差异中，仅社会化就占了48%。通过对大量标准样本的回归分析，从实际年龄(CA)和心理年龄(MA)预测适应行为得分。自闭症组的社交得分大大低于CA或MA的预测水平。根据实际社会化分数与预测社会化分数之比得出的指数对86%的自闭症和非自闭症病例进行了正确分类。研究结果表明，将获得的Vinland社会化得分与CA或MA预测的得分进行比较，可能有助于澄清自闭症的诊断。
Traditional approaches to diagnosing autism emphasize delays in communication and socialization. Traditional diagnostic schemes typically list symptoms (e.g., lack of eye contact), but provide little guidance on how to incorporate information about developmental level in making a diagnosis. Because standardized measures of adaptive behavior can provide information about children's communication, socialization, and other behavior relative to their age, they may be useful tools for diagnosing autism. This study investigated the ability of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales to identify children with autism. Vineland scores and measures of intellectual functioning were obtained for children with autism, PDDNOS, and other developmental disorders (DD). Discriminant function analyses indicated that the autism and combined nonautism (PDDNOS and DD) groups could be differentiated on the basis of socialization, daily living skills, and serious maladaptive behaviors. Socialization alone accounted fur 48% of the variance in diagnosis. Using regression analyses derived from a large normative sample, adaptive behavior scores were predicted from chronological age (CA) and mental age (MA). Socialization scores in the autism group were substantially below the level predicted from CA or MA. An index derived from the ratio of actual to predicted socialization scores correctly classified 86% of both autism and nonautism cases. Findings suggest that comparison of obtained Vineland socialization scores to those predicted by CA or MA may be useful in clarifying the diagnosis of autism.