Contextual-specificity of short-delay extinction in humans: Renewal of fear-potentiated startle in a virtual environment
Contextual-specificity of short-delay extinction in humans: Renewal of fear-potentiated startle in a virtual environment
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.493707
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Grillon, Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alvarez, Ruben P.;Johnson, Linda;Grillon, Christian
最近的一项对啮齿动物的恐惧强化惊吓研究表明，当灭绝在获得后的短暂延迟后进行时，灭绝并不依赖于上下文，这表明灭绝在某些情况下可能导致恐惧学习的消除。本研究的主要目的是试图在人类中复制这些发现，通过检查使用虚拟现实环境中的阿坝更新程序中的短延迟灭绝的上下文特异性。第二个目标是审查是否更新，如果有的话，将受到环境条件的影响。受试者在虚拟情境A中经历差异厌恶条件反射，随后在虚拟情境B中立即消退。灭绝之后是在上下文A和B中的更新测试，顺序在受试者之间平衡。结果表明，灭绝是环境依赖的。更新的证据建立了恐惧增强惊吓以及皮肤电导和恐惧评级。此外，虽然背景焦虑是更大的收购背景下比灭绝的背景下，在更新过程中，评估与惊吓，上下文条件反射并不影响更新效果。这些数据不支持这样的观点，即灭绝后不久进行收购是上下文无关的。因此，他们没有提供证据证明灭绝可以导致通过巴甫洛夫条件反射建立的恐惧记忆的消除。
A recent fear-potentiated startle study in rodents suggested that extinction was not context dependent when extinction was conducted after a short delay following acquisition, suggesting that extinction can lead to erasure of fear learning in some circumstances. The main objective of this study was to attempt to replicate these findings in humans by examining the context specificity of short-delay extinction in an ABA renewal procedure using virtual reality environments. A second objective was to examine whether renewal, if any, would be influenced by context conditioning. Subjects underwent differential aversive conditioning in virtual context A, which was immediately followed by extinction in virtual context B. Extinction was followed by tests of renewal in context A and B, with the order counterbalanced across subjects. Results showed that extinction was context dependent. Evidence for renewal was established using fear-potentiated startle as well as skin conductance and fear ratings. In addition, although contextual anxiety was greater in the acquisition context than in the extinction context during renewal, as assessed with startle, context conditioning did not influence the renewal effect. These data do not support the view that extinction conducted shortly after acquisition is context independent. Hence, they do not provide evidence that extinction can lead to erasure of a fear memory established via Pavlovian conditioning.