Direct drive target survival during injection in an inertial fusion energy power plant
Direct drive target survival during injection in an inertial fusion energy power plant
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惯性聚变能源发电厂注入过程中直接驱动目标的生存
DOI：
10.1088/0029-5515/42/12/301
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Gallix
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Petzoldt;D. Goodin;A. Nikroo;E. H. Stephens;N. Siegel;N. Alexander;A. Raffray;T. Mau;M. Tillack;F. Najmabadi;S. Krasheninnikov;R. Gallix
在惯性聚变能（IFE）发电厂设计中，燃料是包含在靶中的冻结DT的球形层，该靶以高速注入反应室。对于直接驱动，通常激光束会聚在腔室（CC）的中心以压缩和加热靶至聚变条件。为了从聚变反应中获得最大的能量产额，冻结的DT层必须在约18.5 K，并且靶在到达CC时必须保持高度的球对称性和表面光滑度。在其在室中的运输期间，低温靶被来自热室壁的辐射加热。当靶穿过稀薄的填充气体时，靶也被对流加热，填充气体用于控制由X射线和靶爆炸产生的碎片造成的室壁损伤。这篇文章解决了在目标表面的温度限制，超过该目标均匀性可能会被损坏。它集中于直接驱动目标，因为目前认为，在喷射过程中的燃油预热不是目前间接驱动设计和燃烧室概念的问题。参数辐射和对流加热计算的详细结果，提出了直接驱动的目标在注入到干壁反应室。目标存活的基线方法利用了高反射目标沿着，其室壁温度和填充气体压力比先前假设的低得多。讨论和表征了最近开发的具有高热反射率的高Z材料涂层。文章还提出了替代目标保护方法，可以开发，如果目标与固有的生存功能不能在合理的时间跨度内获得。
In inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plant designs, the fuel is a spherical layer of frozen DT contained in a target that is injected at high velocity into the reaction chamber. For direct drive, typically laser beams converge at the centre of the chamber (CC) to compress and heat the target to fusion conditions. To obtain the maximum energy yield from the fusion reaction, the frozen DT layer must be at about 18.5 K and the target must maintain a high degree of spherical symmetry and surface smoothness when it reaches the CC. During its transit in the chamber the cryogenic target is heated by radiation from the hot chamber wall. The target is also heated by convection as it passes through the rarefied fill-gas used to control chamber wall damage by x-rays and debris from the target explosion. This article addresses the temperature limits at the target surface beyond which target uniformity may be damaged. It concentrates on direct drive targets because fuel warm up during injection is not currently thought to be an issue for present indirect drive designs and chamber concepts. Detailed results of parametric radiative and convective heating calculations are presented for direct-drive targets during injection into a dry-wall reaction chamber. The baseline approach to target survival utilizes highly reflective targets along with a substantially lower chamber wall temperature and fill-gas pressure than previously assumed. Recently developed high-Z material coatings with high heat reflectivity are discussed and characterized. The article also presents alternate target protection methods that could be developed if targets with inherent survival features cannot be obtained within a reasonable time span.