Electrical Stimulation of the Retina to Produce Artificial Vision
Electrical Stimulation of the Retina to Produce Artificial Vision
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-vision-111815-114425
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Humayun, Mark S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weiland, James D.;Walston, Steven T.;Humayun, Mark S.
视网膜假体的目的是恢复视力盲人患有视网膜疾病，如色素性视网膜炎和老年性黄斑变性。这些装置通过电刺激存活的视网膜神经元来发挥作用，其激活被大脑解释为视觉感知。许多假肢目前正在开发中。根据刺激微电极阵列的位置，它们被分为视网膜上、视网膜下和脉络膜上假体。每一种都能通过直接或间接刺激激活神经节细胞。详细讨论了视网膜神经元对这些刺激模式的反应，并将其置于它们可能唤起的视觉感知的背景下。本文进一步回顾了视网膜假体面临的挑战，并讨论了解决这些挑战的潜在解决方案。
Retinal prostheses aim to restore vision to blind individuals suffering from retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. These devices function by electrically stimulating surviving retinal neurons, whose activation is interpreted by the brain as a visual percept. Many prostheses are currently under development. They are categorized as epiretinal, subretinal, and suprachoroidal prostheses on the basis of the placement of the stimulating microelectrode array. Each can activate ganglion cells through direct or indirect stimulation. The response of retinal neurons to these modes of stimulation are discussed in detail and are placed in context of the visual percept they are likely to evoke. This article further reviews challenges faced by retinal prosthesis and discusses potential solutions to address them.