Analysis of a spatial orientation memory in Drosophila
Analysis of a spatial orientation memory in Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1038/nature07003
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发表时间：
2008-06-26
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Strauss, Roland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Neuser, Kirsa;Triphan, Tilman;Strauss, Roland
灵活的目标驱动定向需要存储目标的位置，尤其是在目标移出视线的情况下。保留、回忆这些位置信息并将其整合到指导行为中的能力已被概括为术语空间工作记忆(1)。这种记忆包含存在的具体细节，但不一定是长期记忆的一部分。灵长类动物的神经生理学研究(2)表明，即使物体不再存在，神经元的持续活动也会编码感觉信息。此外，他们认为多巴胺将各自的输入传输到前额皮质，同时 GABA 的抑制在空间上限制了这种神经元活动 (3)。在这里，我们发现果蝇在运动过程中拥有类似的空间记忆。使用新的绕行设置，我们证明果蝇可以在物体从其环境中移除后几秒钟内记住该物体的位置。在这种设置中，苍蝇暂时被引诱远离其隐藏目标的方向，但此后它们能够瞄准以前的目标。此外，我们发现中央大脑中椭球体的 GABA 能（可用抗 GABA 抗体染色）环形神经元 (4) 是必要的，并且它们的可塑性足以实现果蝇的功能性空间方向记忆。我们还发现，环神经元的一个独特子集中需要蛋白激酶 S6KII（无知）(5) 来显示这种记忆。仅在成人中这些神经元中 S6KII 的条件表达可以恢复无知突变体的方向记忆丧失。因此，果蝇的环形神经元似乎迫切需要 S6KII 信号通路来实现空间方向记忆。
Flexible goal- driven orientation requires that the position of a target be stored, especially in case the target moves out of sight. The capability to retain, recall and integrate such positional information into guiding behaviour has been summarized under the term spatial working memory(1). This kind of memory contains specific details of the presence that are not necessarily part of a long- term memory. Neurophysiological studies in primates(2) indicate that sustained activity of neurons encodes the sensory information even though the object is no longer present. Furthermore they suggest that dopamine transmits the respective input to the prefrontal cortex, and simultaneous suppression by GABA spatially restricts this neuronal activity(3). Here we show that Drosophila melanogaster possesses a similar spatial memory during locomotion. Using a new detour setup, we show that flies can remember the position of an object for several seconds after it has been removed from their environment. In this setup, flies are temporarily lured away from the direction towards their hidden target, yet they are thereafter able to aim for their former target. Furthermore, we find that the GABAergic ( stainable with antibodies against GABA) ring neurons(4) of the ellipsoid body in the central brain are necessary and their plasticity is sufficient for a functional spatial orientation memory in flies. We also find that the protein kinase S6KII ( ignorant)(5) is required in a distinct subset of ring neurons to display this memory. Conditional expression of S6KII in these neurons only in adults can restore the loss of the orientation memory of the ignorant mutant. The S6KII signalling pathway therefore seems to be acutely required in the ring neurons for spatial orientation memory in flies.