Cultivation as slow evolutionary entanglement: comparative data on rate and sequence of domestication
Cultivation as slow evolutionary entanglement: comparative data on rate and sequence of domestication
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DOI：
10.1007/s00334-011-0329-8
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Purugganan, Michael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuller, Dorian Q.;Asouti, Eleni;Purugganan, Michael D.
最近的研究表明，驯化是一个比以前认为的更缓慢的进化过程。我们通过量化正在驯化的作物的表型变化率来解决这个问题，包括来自近东的五种作物（一粒小麦、T. dicoccum、大麦、豌豆、小透镜）和六种来自其他地区的作物（水稻、白草、绿豆、梅洛、向日葵、常春藤）。我们使用进化生物学中使用的达尔文单位和哈洛单位来计算比率，并将其应用于非粉碎性谷物小穗和种子大小的数据。速率是通过考虑起源地区考古遗址4,000年的数据计算的，尽管我们讨论了较短的驯化期（1000 - 2000年）可能更适合某些作物的可能性，如豆类。我们报告了所有作物和性状的变化率，并发现这些变化率接近各种进化生物学研究中报告的平均值和中值。尽管如此，驯化品种之间的速度仍然存在差异，例如甜瓜种子的增长速度是谷物的两倍，而性状之间的变化，例如不破碎的进化速度比颗粒大小快。这种比较强调了对驯化率采用定量方法的实用性，以及需要开发更大的数据集，用于作物之间和跨区域的比较。
Recent studies have suggested that domestication was a slower evolutionary process than was previously thought. We address this issue by quantifying rates of phenotypic change in crops undergoing domestication, including five crops from the Near East (Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccum, Hordeum vulgare, Pisum sativum, Lens culinaris) and six crops from other regions (Oryza sativa, Pennisetum glaucum, Vigna radiata, Cucumis melo, Helianthus annus, Iva annua). We calculate rates using the metrics of darwin units and haldane units, which have been used in evolutionary biology, and apply this to data on non-shattering cereal spikelets and seed size. Rates are calculated by considering data over a 4,000-year period from archaeological sites in the region of origin, although we discuss the likelihood that a shorter period of domestication (1,000-2,000) years may be more appropriate for some crops, such as pulses. We report broadly comparable rates of change across all the crops and traits considered, and find that these are close to the averages and median values reported in various evolutionary biological studies. Nevertheless, there is still variation in rates between domesticates, such as melon seeds increasing at twice the rate of cereals, and between traits, such as non-shattering evolving faster than grain size. Such comparisons underline the utility of a quantitative approach to domestication rates, and the need to develop larger datasets for comparisons between crops and across regions.