Explosive Activity on Kīlauea's Lower East Rift Zone Fueled by a Volatile‐Rich, Dacitic Melt

Explosive Activity on Kīlauea's Lower East Rift Zone Fueled by a Volatile‐Rich, Dacitic Melt
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富含挥发性英安岩熔体推动卡劳埃亚东裂谷下部区域发生爆炸活动

DOI:
10.1029/2021gc010046
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Geosystems
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lee, R. L.
Lee, R. L.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wieser, Penny E.;Edmonds, Marie;Gansecki, Cheryl;Maclennan, John;Jenner, Frances E.;Kunz, Barbara;Antoshechkina, Paula;Trusdell, Frank;Lee, R. L.

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从玄武岩到英安岩的基质玻璃成分的岩浆在2018年Kallauea火山爆发的下东裂谷带(LERZ)的前两周从一系列24个裂缝中喷发出来。喷发类型从低飞溅和喷泉到Strombolian活动不等。基质玻璃和橄榄石、辉石和斜长石中的熔融包裹体中的主要元素轨迹与不同量的分离结晶相一致,具有不相容元素(例如,Cl、F和H2O)随着熔体MgO含量从6wt%发展到0.5wt%而富集4-5倍。在裂缝17处喷发的英安岩熔体的高粘度和高H2O含量(约20%重量)解释了该裂缝所表现出的爆炸性Strombolian行为,与在喷发玄武岩到玄武安山岩熔体的裂缝处观察到的低喷泉和飞溅形成对比。根据熔融包裹体CO2-H2O含量计算的饱和压力表明,供应这些裂缝的岩浆储层位于102 -3 km深度,这与2005年钻探期间截获的英安质岩浆体的深度(102. 5 km)和地震成像的低Vp/Vsanomaly(102 km深度)一致。喷发产物中的Nb/Y比值与1955年至1960年期间喷发的熔岩相似,表明熔体在LERZ中储存并经历了不同量的结晶,然后在2018年被岩脉侵入重新激活。我们证明,广泛的分离结晶产生了粘性和挥发性丰富的岩浆,具有危险的爆炸性喷发的潜力,这可能潜伏在许多海洋岛屿火山中未被发现。
Magmas with matrix glass compositions ranging from basalt to dacite erupted from a series of 24 fissures in the first 2 weeks of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. Eruption styles ranged from low spattering and fountaining to strombolian activity. Major element trajectories in matrix glasses and melt inclusions hosted by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase are consistent with variable amounts of fractional crystallization, with incompatible elements (e.g., Cl, F, and H2O) becoming enriched by 4–5 times as melt MgO contents evolve from 6 to 0.5 wt%. The high viscosity and high H2O contents (∼2 wt%) of the dacitic melts erupting at Fissure 17 account for the explosive Strombolian behavior exhibited by this fissure, in contrast to the low fountaining and spattering observed at fissures erupting basaltic to basaltic‐andesite melts. Saturation pressures calculated from melt inclusion CO2‐H2O contents indicate that the magma reservoir(s) supplying these fissures was located at ∼2–3 km depth, which is in agreement with the depth of a dacitic magma body intercepted during drilling in 2005 (∼2.5 km) and a seismically imaged lowVp/Vsanomaly (∼2 km depth). Nb/Y ratios in erupted products are similar to lavas erupted between 1955 and 1960, indicating that melts were stored and underwent variable amounts of crystallization in the LERZ for >60 years before being remobilized by a dike intrusion in 2018. We demonstrate that extensive fractional crystallization generates viscous and volatile‐rich magma with potential for hazardous explosive eruptions, which may be lurking undetected at many ocean island volcanoes.
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