PARAPHENYLENEDIAMINE - A NEW METHOD FOR TRACING HUMAN VISUAL PATHWAYS
PARAPHENYLENEDIAMINE - A NEW METHOD FOR TRACING HUMAN VISUAL PATHWAYS
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DOI：
10.1097/00005072-198303000-00009
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
KENYON, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SADUN, AA;SMITH, LEH;KENYON, KR
人类视觉通路的形态学研究受到现代神经解剖学方法不可行的限制。虽然现代的轴突路径追踪方法，如示踪剂注射和电生理学，已经阐明了视觉系统的实验动物，这些技术不能同样适用于人类。目前对人类视觉系统神经解剖学的看法主要基于实验动物研究、对人类大脑的经典简单观察和临床推断。使用的染色剂，对苯二胺（PPD），结合标准方法的组织制备透射电子显微镜。锇沉淀在退化的神经突起上，当用EM检查时，导致黑色轮廓。PPD螯合四氧化锇固定组织中的骨，因此成为退化过程的不透光标记。该技术允许识别和追踪退化或变性的轴突。尸检研究6例，4例记录的视神经病变，提出。变性的视网膜神经节神经纤维用PPD追踪，并用EM证实。先前提出的，主要的视觉投影得到证实，并在人脑中证明了新的离视网膜途径。
Morphologic investigations of the human visual pathways have been limited by the infeasibility of modern neuroanatomical approaches. Although comtemporary methods for tracing axon pathways such as tracer injections and electrophysiology, have elucidated the visual system in experimental animals, these techniques cannot be similarly applied in humans. The present view of the neuroanatomy of the human visual system is based largely on experimental animals studies, classical simple observations of gross human brains, and clinical inference. The use of the stain, paraphenylenediamine (PPD), is demonstrated in conjunction with standard methods of tissue preparation for transmission electron microscopy. Osmium precipitates on degenerating neural processes, resulting in a dark profile when examined by EM. PPD chelates the Os in osmium tetroxide-fixed tissue, and thus becomes a light-opaque marker of degenerating processes. This technique allows the identification and tracing of degenerating or degenerated axons. Postmortem studies of 6 patients, 4 with documented optic nerve lesions, are presented. The degenerated retinal ganglion nerve fibers are followed with PPD and confirmed with EM. Previously proposed, primary visual projections are confirmed and new retinofugal pathways are demonstrated in the human brain.