Participation without power: Subterfuge of development?
Participation without power: Subterfuge of development?
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没有权力的参与：发展的幌子？
DOI：
10.1093/cdj/33.3.197
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
B. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Smith
一些形式的参与经常被批评为象征性的，给参与者没有权力。参与政府计划通常只意味着使用所提供的服务或提供资源投入。参与可能会将人视为并非由受影响的人设计的“自助”计划的对象。它可能是一种灌输的手段，把发展的责任交给最不能承受的人，成为一种强迫劳动，或者阻止穷人的利用。然而，在发展中国家，即使是最弱的参与形式也可能带来好处。确定了五种这样的形式--利用、贡献、入伍、合作和协商--并考虑了它们对社区发展的好处。
Some forms ofparticipationare often criticised as tokenist, giving participants no power. Participation in government schemes often means no more than using the service on offer or providing inputs to resource it.Participationmay treat people as objects in ‘self-help’ schemes that have not been designed by those affected. It may be a means of indoctrination, place responsibility fordevelopmentwith those least able to bear it, become a kind of forced labour, or discourage utilization by the poor. However, in developing countries benefits may be derived from even the weakest forms ofparticipation. Five such forms are identified -utilization, contributions, enlistment, cooperation, andconsultation- and their benefit to community development considered.