LIVE ORAL AVIRULENT SALMONELLA VACCINES
LIVE ORAL AVIRULENT SALMONELLA VACCINES
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DOI：
10.1016/0378-1135(93)90038-9
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发表时间：
1993-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
HASSAN, JO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CURTISS, R;KELLY, SM;HASSAN, JO
动物和人类感染沙门氏菌是由于口服受沙门氏菌污染的食物或液体。一旦进入肠道，沙门氏菌通常附着、侵入并在肠细胞或肠道相关淋巴组织（GALT）的细胞中增殖。后一种感染途径可导致疾病或无症状携带者状态或刺激诱导粘膜、全身和细胞免疫应答。动物感染有毒性的侵袭性沙门氏菌可导致免疫应答的抑制，这反过来可促进载体状态的建立。有可能通过引入突变来减毒沙门氏菌，所述突变（i）赋予营养缺陷型，（ii）干扰糖代谢和LPS生物合成，或（iii）影响完全展示毒力所需的调节基因的一些全局手段。用无毒沙门氏菌菌株口服免疫动物如小鼠和鸡通常与抑制无关，而是与刺激粘膜、全身和细胞免疫应答有关。通过注射灭活疫苗或免疫球蛋白进行的疫苗接种不会诱导粘膜或细胞免疫应答，并且体液免疫可能相对较短。因此，杀死的疫苗是劣于口服给药的活无毒沙门氏菌疫苗，诱导持久的保护性immunity.In这份手稿中，我们讨论了安全，有效的活减毒沙门氏菌疫苗的理想属性，描述减毒沙门氏菌突变体迄今为止分离和它们的特性和目前的信息评价活减毒沙门氏菌口服疫苗的家禽。这些主题讨论的长期目标，减少感染，殖民化和建立一个载体状态，在农业上重要的动物，从而减少沙门氏菌通过食物链传播给人类的可能性。
Infection of animals and humans with Salmonella is a consequence of oral consumption of food or fluids contaminated with Salmonella. Once in the intestine, Salmonella usually attach to, invade, and proliferate in enterocytes or the cells of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The latter route of infection can lead to disease or to an asymptomatic carrier state or stimulate the induction of mucosal, systemic and cellular immune responses. Infection of animals with virulent invasive Salmonella can result in suppression of the immune responses which in tum can facilitate the establishment of a carrier state. It is possible to attenuate Salmonella by introducing mutations that (i) confer auxotrophy, (ii) interfere with sugar metabolism and LPS biosynthesis or (iii) affect some global means of regulating genes needed for the full display of virulence. Oral immunization of animals such as mice and chickens with avirulent Salmonella strains usually is not associated with suppression but rather with stimulation of mucosal, systemic and cellular immune responses. Vaccination by injection of killed vaccines or bacterins does not lead to the induction of either mucosal or cellular immune responses, and humoral immunity may be relatively short lived. Thus, killed vaccines are inferior to orally administered live avirulent Salmonella vaccines which induce a long-lasting protective immunity.In this manuscript we discuss desirable attributes of a safe, efficacious live attenuated Salmonella vaccine, describe attenuated Salmonella mutants so far isolated and their properties and present information on the evaluation of a live attenuated Salmonella oral vaccine for poultry. These topics are discussed in terms of the long-term objective of diminishing infection, colonization and establishment of a carrier state in agriculturally important animals with the consequent reduction in the likelihood for transmission of Salmonella through the food chain to humans.