Contextual conditioning in infants, but not older animals, is facilitated by CS conditioning
Contextual conditioning in infants, but not older animals, is facilitated by CS conditioning
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DOI：
10.1016/s1074-7427(03)00068-6
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Spear, NE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brasser, SM;Spear, NE
当CS条件作用在背景中发生或不发生时，比较了幼年Sprague-Dawley大鼠（出生后[PD] 15、17和19天）、幼年大鼠（PD 25）、青少年大鼠（PD 35）和成年大鼠（PD 71-89）的背景条件作用。在该背景下，CS条件反射的程度在不同年龄之间是相等的，每个年龄的单独组在该背景下被给予CS和US的不成对呈现。婴儿条件更有效的上下文时，CS-US配对发生在这种情况下，比当他们没有，青少年条件的上下文中同样与CS-US配对的上下文中，和青少年和成人条件有效的上下文时，CS和US配对比不配对。青少年有显着的上下文条件反射，尽管CS-US配对的情况下，但成年人没有，总体而言，上下文条件反射是最强的青少年。补充实验表明，随着更广泛的条件反射经验，婴儿的背景条件反射模式变得更类似于老年动物，随着更少的条件反射经验，成人的背景条件反射模式变得更类似于年轻动物，但婴儿从未达到成人的背景条件反射模式，成人也没有达到婴儿模式。在婴儿中观察到的CS条件反射对背景条件反射的增强作用与以前来自复合条件反射的证据一致。其他解释共同强调婴儿特定的非模态处理。一个观点增强作为一个结果，更大的感知强度的刺激化合物（CS和上下文，在这种情况下）在条件反射和较小的泛化衰减在婴儿比成人测试时，一个单一的元素后，条件反射与化合物。另一种解释强调了巴里克和利克利特理论中感觉间化合物固有的冗余性的后果。(C)2003年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Context conditioning in infant Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal days [PD] 15, 17, and 19), juveniles (PD 25), adolescents (PD 35), and adults (PD 71-89) was compared when CS conditioning did or did not occur in the context. Degree of CS conditioning within that context was equated across age, and separate groups at each age were given unpaired presentations of the CS and US within that context. Infants conditioned more effectively to context when CS-US pairings occurred in that context than when they did not, juveniles conditioned to context about equally with and without CS-US pairings in the context, and adolescents and adults conditioned less effectively to context when CS and US were paired than when unpaired. Adolescents had significant context conditioning despite CS-US pairings in the context but adults did not, and overall, context conditioning was strongest for adolescents. Supplementary experiments indicated that with more extensive conditioning experience, the infants' pattern of context conditioning became more similar to that of older animals, and with less conditioning experience the pattern of context conditioning by adults became more similar to that of younger animals, but infants never attained the adult pattern of context conditioning nor did adults attain the infant pattern. The potentiation of context conditioning by CS conditioning observed in infants is consistent with previous evidence derived from compound conditioning. Alternative explanations place common emphasis on infant-specific amodal processing. One views potentiation as a result of the greater perceived intensity of the stimulus compound (CS and context, in this case) during conditioning and the lesser generalization decrement in infants than adults when tested with a single element after conditioning with a compound. The other explanation emphasizes consequences of the redundancy inherent in intersensory compounds, within the theory of Bahrick and Lickliter. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.