Occurrence of fibrates and their metabolites in source and drinking water in Shanghai and Zhejiang, China.
Occurrence of fibrates and their metabolites in source and drinking water in Shanghai and Zhejiang, China.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep45931
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发表时间：
2017-04-12
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Nakanishi T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ido A;Hiromori Y;Meng L;Usuda H;Nagase H;Yang M;Hu J;Nakanishi T
纤维类化合物是一种应用广泛的降脂药物，是新兴的环境污染物。然而，环境中的贝特酸盐浓度尚未得到彻底调查。在这里，我们使用固相萃取和液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了中国上海和浙江十家饮用水处理厂的水源和饮用水样品中最常用的贝特酸盐及其代谢物的浓度。至少在一些水源水样中检测到所有目标化合物，浓度范围从0.04纳克/升（非诺贝特）到1.53纳克/升（吉非罗齐）。除非诺贝特以外的所有化合物在至少一些饮用水样品中也被检测到，回收率从35.5%到91.7%不等，这表明这些化合物在典型的饮用水处理工艺中去除效果很差。在过氧化物酶体增殖体激活受体α激动活性测定中，目标化合物在纳克/升浓度下没有显着活性；因此，我们的研究结果表明，中国上海和浙江的饮用水中贝特酸盐浓度对人体健康没有显著影响。然而，由于中国饮食的日益西化，贝特酸盐的使用可能会增加，因此监测中国水生环境和饮用水中贝特酸盐的浓度将变得越来越重要。
Fibrates, which are widely used lipidaemic-modulating drugs, are emerging environmental pollutants. However, fibrate concentrations in the environment have not been thoroughly surveyed. Here, we determined concentrations of the most commonly used fibrates and their metabolites in source water and drinking water samples from ten drinking water treatment plants in Shanghai and Zhejiang, China, using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. All the target compounds were detected in at least some of the source water samples, at concentrations ranging from 0.04 ng/L (fenofibrate) to 1.53 ng/L (gemfibrozil). All the compounds except fenofibrate were also detected in at least some of the drinking water samples, at recoveries ranging from 35.5% to 91.7%, suggesting that these compounds are poorly removed by typical drinking water treatment processes. In a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonistic activity assay, the target compounds showed no significant activity at nanogram per litre concentrations; therefore, our results suggest that the fibrate concentrations in drinking water in Shanghai and Zhejiang, China do not significantly affect human health. However, because of the increasing westernization of the Chinese diet, fibrate use may increase, and thus monitoring fibrate concentrations in aquatic environments and drinking water in China will become increasingly important.