Axon Biology in ALS: Mechanisms of Axon Degeneration and Prospects for Therapy.

Axon Biology in ALS: Mechanisms of Axon Degeneration and Prospects for Therapy.
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DOI:
10.1007/s13311-022-01297-6
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发表时间:
2022-07
期刊:
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Coleman, Michael P.
Coleman, Michael P.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Coleman, Michael P.

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鉴于新的基因鉴定和对先前鉴定的肌萎缩侧索硬化症基因的作用机制的进一步了解,本综述解决了关于肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种“向后死亡”还是“向前死亡”疾病的长期争论。虽然在动物模型中病理的拓扑模式,更有趣的是在患者中确实是“死后死亡”,但这篇综述讨论了这与许多主要的启动事件被认为发生在体细胞内的事实是如何吻合的。它还讨论了广泛不同的ALS危险因素,包括一些直接影响轴突的因素,如何联合起来驱动涉及TAR DNA结合蛋白43 (TDP-43)和神经肌肉连接处(NMJ)去神经支配的共同途径。无菌α和含有TIR基序的1 (SARM1)之间的新联系是另一个主要主题,SARM1是一种迄今为止主要与轴突变性和散发性ALS相关的蛋白质。考虑了目前支持关联的证据的优势和局限性,以及SARM1在ALS中可能被激活的方式。最后一节讨论了基于sarm1的治疗方法以及针对ALS发病机制中其他轴突步骤的前景。在线版本包含补充材料,可在10.1007/s13311-022-01297-6获得。
This review addresses the longstanding debate over whether amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a ‘dying back’ or ‘dying forward’ disorder in the light of new gene identifications and the increased understanding of mechanisms of action for previously identified ALS genes. While the topological pattern of pathology in animal models, and more anecdotally in patients is indeed ‘dying back’, this review discusses how this fits with the fact that many of the major initiating events are thought to occur within the soma. It also discusses how widely varying ALS risk factors, including some impacting axons directly, may combine to drive a common pathway involving TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation. The emerging association between sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1), a protein so far mostly associated with axon degeneration, and sporadic ALS is another major theme. The strengths and limitations of the current evidence supporting an association are considered, along with ways in which SARM1 could become activated in ALS. The final section addresses SARM1-based therapies along with the prospects for targeting other axonal steps in ALS pathogenesis. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-022-01297-6.
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