A dose-response relationship between maternal smoking during late pregnancy and adult intelligence in male offspring
A dose-response relationship between maternal smoking during late pregnancy and adult intelligence in male offspring
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00622.x
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Reinisch, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mortensen, EL;Michaelsen, KF;Reinisch, JM
多项研究已观察到母亲怀孕期间吸烟与认知和行为发展之间存在关联，但母亲吸烟对后代成年智力的潜在影响尚未得到调查。本研究的目的是调查母亲怀孕期间吸烟与后代成年后智力之间的潜在关联。成人智力是通过军事征兵委员会智力测试（Borge Priens Prove）对来自哥本哈根围产期队列的 3044 名单身男性进行的，评估的平均年龄为 18.7 岁，有关孕晚期母亲吸烟的信息分为五类（约 50% 的母亲是吸烟者）。以下潜在的混杂因素被纳入多变量分析中作为协变量：父母的社会地位和教育程度、单身母亲状况、母亲的身高和年龄、怀孕次数和胎龄。在单独的分析中，出生体重和身长也被纳入作为协变量。在对七个协变量进行调整后，母亲在妊娠晚期吸烟与后代成年智力呈负相关（P = 0.0001）。不吸烟和最严重吸烟类别之间的平均差异为 0.41 个标准差，相当于 6.2 分的 IQ 差异 [95% 置信区间 0.14, 0.68]。当进一步调整出生体重和身长时，这种关联仍然显着（P = 0.007）。未经调整和调整的方法都表明母亲怀孕期间吸烟与后代成年智力之间存在剂量反应关系。当排除缺失数据的受试者时，在减少的样本中获得了基本相同的结果（n = 1829）。这些结果表明，怀孕期间吸烟可能会对后代的成年智力产生长期的负面影响。
An association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and cognitive and behavioural development has been observed in several studies, but potential effects of maternal smoking on offspring adult intelligence have not been investigated. The objective of the present study was to investigate a potential association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intelligence in young adulthood. Adult intelligence was assessed at the mean age of 18.7 years by a military draft board intelligence test (Borge Priens Prove) for 3044 singleton males from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort with information regarding maternal smoking during the third trimester coded into five categories (about 50% of the mothers were smokers). The following potential confounders were included as covariates in multivariable analyses: parental social status and education, single mother status, mother's height and age, number of pregnancies, and gestational age. In separate analyses, birthweight and length were also included as covariates.Maternal cigarette smoking during the third trimester, adjusted for the seven covariates, showed a negative association with offspring adult intelligence (P = 0.0001). The mean difference between the no-smoking and the heaviest smoking category amounted to 0.41 standard deviation, corresponding to an IQ difference of 6.2 points [95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.68]. The association remained significant when further adjusted for birthweight and length (P = 0.007). Both unadjusted and adjusted means suggested a dose-response relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring adult intelligence. When subjects with missing data were excluded, essentially the same results were obtained in the reduced sample (n = 1829). These results suggest that smoking during pregnancy may have long-term negative consequences on offspring adult intelligence.