The prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia in Japanese elementary school children
The prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia in Japanese elementary school children
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DOI：
10.1080/09286580490907805
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Matsuo, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsuo, T;Matsuo, C
背景资料：本研究的目的是阐明斜视和弱视的患病率在一个大的人口的日本小学儿童，从一年级到六年级，年龄范围从6到12岁。《学校卫生法》要求对一年级至六年级的所有学生进行视力和眼睛问题检查。视力测试由学校教师进行，眼病筛查由学校眼科医生进行。怀疑患有眼疾的学生会由校外眼科医生作进一步检查，并将检查结果报告学校。然后，学校汇总并将裸眼视力和眼病发病率以及其他卫生统计数据发送给市教育委员会。这些数据将转交各道府县政府，最后提交中央政府教育部。各地区政府和教育部均在各自网站上公布学校卫生统计数据。斜视和弱视的患病率从这些数据中仍然是未知的，因为这两种诊断都包括在标题下，眼睛疾病。方法：调查问卷询问不同类型的斜视和弱视儿童的数量发送到冈山县的所有小学，并总结结果。2003年，在冈山县一年级至六年级的113 254名学生中，收回问卷的儿童人数为86 531人（76.4%）。斜视儿童1,112例（1.28%），弱视儿童125例（0.14%）。各种类型外斜视602例（0.69%），各种类型内斜视245例（0.28%）。斜视和弱视的主要类型为间歇性外斜视109例（0.12%）、重复性内斜视19例（0.02%）、屈光参差性弱视23例（0.03%）和屈光不正性弱视12例（0.01%）。不明类型斜视儿童245例（0.28%），不明类型弱视儿童81例（0.09%）。结论：日本小学生斜视和弱视的患病率低于西方国家。与日本过去的研究相比，外斜视/内斜视比率增加。学校眼科医生需要更加勤奋地识别和诊断各种类型的斜视和弱视，以便为日本已经实施的学校视力筛查计划做出贡献。
Background: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia in a large population of Japanese elementary school children, from Grade 1 to Grade 6, ages ranging from 6 to 12 years. The School Health Law requires that all pupils in Grade 1 to Grade 6 be examined for vision and eye problems. Visual acuity testing is done by school teachers and eye disease screening by school ophthalmologists. Pupils with suspected ocular diseases are further examined by extramural ophthalmologists and the results reported back to the schools. The schools then summarize and send uncorrected visual acuity and ocular disease incidence, together with other health statistics, to the municipal education committees. The data are forwarded to the Prefecture Governments and finally submitted to the Education Ministry of the Central Government. Both the Prefecture Governments and the Education Ministry publicize the school health statistics on their websites. The prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia remains unknown from these data because both diagnoses are included under the heading, eye diseases.Methods: Questionnaires asking about the numbers of children with different types of strabismus and amblyopia were sent to all elementary schools in Okayama Prefecture and the results were summarized.Results: The number of children covered by the return of questionnaires was 86,531 (76.4%) of 113,254 total pupils in Grade 1 to Grade 6 in Okayama Prefecture in the year 2003. The total numbers of children with strabismus and amblyopia were 1,112 (1.28%) and 125 (0.14%), respectively. The numbers of children with any type of exotropia and any type of esotropia were 602 (0.69%) and 245 (0.28%), respectively. The major types of strabismus and amblyopia were intermittent exotropia in 109 children (0.12%) accommodative esotropia in 19 children (0.02%), anisometropic amblyopia in 23 children (0.03%), and ametropic amblyopia in 12 children (0.01%). The number of children with strabismus of unknown type was 245 (0.28%) while the number of children with amblyopia of unknown type was 81 (0.09%).Conclusions: The prevalence rates of strabismus and amblyopia in this population of Japanese elementary school children were lower than those reported in Western countries. The exotropia/esotropia ratio were increased in comparison with past studies in Japan. The school eye doctors need to be more diligent in identifying and diagnosing various types of strabismus and amblyopia in order to contribute to the school vision screening program already in place in Japan.