The Paradox of the Plankton
The Paradox of the Plankton
复制标题
浮游生物的悖论
DOI：
10.5352/jls.2015.25.5.601
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Huh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Lee;Sung;M. Huh
哈钦森（1961）提出，在大多数浮游生物群落中，物种数量之多是值得注意的，这表明在同质、混合良好的环境中，竞争相同资源的物种不能共存。竞争排斥原则会使我们得出结论，只有少数物种可以在这种情况下共存。然而，在大多数自然生境中，许多相互竞争的物种能够共存，而通常只有很少的资源（生态位）限制这些社区。它被哈钦森称为“浮游生物悖论”。我们回顾了一些文献提出的解决方案，并给出了一个简要的概述到目前为止提出的机制。主要讨论的机制包括物理和生物环境的时空异质性、外部强加或自生的空间分离、以相干涡旋为特征的海洋水平中尺度湍流、多种内外原因导致的振荡和混沌、资源竞争中温度波动下的稳定共存和补偿动力学、最后是产生毒素的浮游植物在维持整个浮游生物种群的共存和生物多样性方面的作用。特别是引用了Roy和Chattopadhyay的综述及其浮游植物产毒假说。这篇综述可能是一些信息，研究浮游生物群落和效果，把多年来提出的悖论的解决方案的角度来看。
Hutchinson (1961) proposed that the large number of species in most plankton communities is remarkable in review of the competitive exclusion principle, which suggests that in homogeneous, well-mixed environments species that compete for the same resources cannot coexist. The principle of competitive exclusion would lead us to conclude that only a few species could coexist in such circumstances. Nevertheless, numerous competing species in most natural habitats are able to coexist, while generally only few resources (niches) limit these communities. It is coined “the paradox of plankton” by Hutchinson. We reviewed some literature of the proposed solutions and give a brief overview of the mechanisms proposed so far. The proposed mechanisms that we discuss mainly include spatial and temporal heterogeneity in physical and biological environment, externally imposed or self-generated spatial segregation, horizontal mesoscale turbulence of ocean characterized by coherent vortices, oscillation and chaos generated by several internal and external causes, stable coexistence and compensatory dynamic under fluctuating temperature in resource competition, and finally the role of toxin-producing phytoplankton in maintaining the coexistence and biodiversity of the overall plankton populations. Especially we sited Roy and Chattopadhyay ’s reviews and their toxin-producing hypothesis by phytoplankton. This review may be some information to study plankton communities and effect to put the solutions to the paradox that have been proposed over the years into perspective.