Classification of Climate-Change-Induced Stresses on Biological Diversity
Classification of Climate-Change-Induced Stresses on Biological Diversity
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01676.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Ibisch, Pierre L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geyer, Juliane;Kiefer, Iris;Ibisch, Pierre L.
保护行动需要考虑到并适应于应对全球气候变化下将发生的变化。确定对生物多样性的压力（如《生物多样性公约》所定义）是适应性养护管理进程的关键。我们认为气候变化对生物多样性的任何影响都是一种压力，因为这种影响代表了生态系统或其部分的关键生态属性的变化（负面或正面）。我们采用系统方法和层次框架对全球气候变化直接引起的生物多样性压力进行了全面分类。通过对7个国家的20个保护区的分析和文献回顾，我们确定了气候变化引起的压力。我们根据生物多样性的3个层次对确定的压力进行了分组：影响个体和种群的压力，影响生物群落的压力，以及影响生态系统结构和功能的压力。对于每个压力类别，我们区分了3个层次的压力：压力类（具有粗略分辨率的主题分组，8）;一般压力（特定压力的主题组，21）;和特定压力（压力的最详细定义，90）。我们还使用千年生态系统评估的类别和另外两个类别，汇编了气候变化对生态系统服务影响的概述。我们的分类可用于确定关键的气候变化相关的压力，生物多样性，并可能有助于制定适当的保护战略。分类是以列表的形式，但它说明了气候变化引起的压力之间的关系。
Conservation actions need to account for and be adapted to address changes that will occur under global climate change. The identification of stresses on biological diversity (as defined in the Convention on Biological Diversity) is key in the process of adaptive conservation management. We considered any impact of climate change on biological diversity a stress because such an effect represents a change (negative or positive) in key ecological attributes of an ecosystem or parts of it. We applied a systemic approach and a hierarchical framework in a comprehensive classification of stresses to biological diversity that are caused directly by global climate change. Through analyses of 20 conservation sites in 7 countries and a review of the literature, we identified climate-change-induced stresses. We grouped the identified stresses according to 3 levels of biological diversity: stresses that affect individuals and populations, stresses that affect biological communities, and stresses that affect ecosystem structure and function. For each stress category, we differentiated 3 hierarchical levels of stress: stress class (thematic grouping with the coarsest resolution, 8); general stresses (thematic groups of specific stresses, 21); and specific stresses (most detailed definition of stresses, 90). We also compiled an overview of effects of climate change on ecosystem services using the categories of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and 2 additional categories. Our classification may be used to identify key climate-change-related stresses to biological diversity and may assist in the development of appropriate conservation strategies. The classification is in list format, but it accounts for relations among climate-change-induced stresses.