Top-down influence in young children's linguistic ambiguity resolution.
Top-down influence in young children's linguistic ambiguity resolution.
复制标题
自上而下的影响幼儿语言歧义的解决。
DOI：
10.1037/a0026918
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Marcus,GaryF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rabagliati,Hugh;Pylkkänen,Liina;Marcus,GaryF
语言中充满了歧义。儿童和成人面对这一挑战的方式相似吗？最近的研究表明，虽然成年人通过整合各种线索来解决句法歧义，但儿童对自上而下的证据不太敏感。我们通过评估儿童是主要还是完全依赖词汇关联来解决词汇歧义（例如，swing这个词启动了bat的棒球含义），还是额外整合了自上而下的整体似然性，来测试这种自上而下的不敏感是特定于语法的，还是儿童语言歧义解决的一般特征。通过一项图片选择任务，我们将4岁儿童分辨多义词和同音异义词的能力与纯粹依赖词汇关联的贝叶斯算法进行了比较，发现该算法预测儿童选择的能力有限。第二个实验证实了孩子们会超越联想，整合自上而下的合理性。我们将从心理语言发展模型的角度来讨论这一点。（PsycINFO数据库记录(c) 2016 APA，版权所有）
Language is rife with ambiguity. Do children and adults meet this challenge in similar ways? Recent work suggests that while adults resolve syntactic ambiguities by integrating a variety of cues, children are less sensitive to top-down evidence. We test whether this top-down insensitivity is specific to syntax or a general feature of children's linguistic ambiguity resolution by evaluating whether children rely largely or completely on lexical associations to resolve lexical ambiguities (eg, the word swing primes the baseball meaning of bat) or additionally integrate top-down global plausibility. Using a picture choice task, we compared 4-year-olds' ability to resolve polysemes and homophones with a Bayesian algorithm reliant purely on lexical associations and found that the algorithm's power to predict children's choices was limited. A 2nd experiment confirmed that children override associations and integrate top-down plausibility. We discuss this with regard to models of psycholinguistic development.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)