Substance use and abuse among children and teenagers.
Substance use and abuse among children and teenagers.
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儿童和青少年的药物使用和滥用。
DOI：
10.1037//0003-066x.44.2.242
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bentler,PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newcomb,MD;Bentler,PM
在过去几年中，全国对药物滥用问题重新表示关注，并在目前的“禁毒战争”中达到高潮。在这篇综述中，我们强调，即使儿童或青少年吸毒是一种个人行为，它是嵌入在一个社会文化背景下，强烈地决定其性质和表现。我们的重点是精神活性物质合法（香烟和酒精）和非法（如大麻和可卡因）。我们认为，必须区分使用和滥用药物，并从多层面的角度来区分，包括刺激（药物），有机体（个人），反应和后果。我们对儿童和青少年药物使用和滥用的选择性审查涵盖流行病学（药物使用的模式和程度），病因学（导致药物使用的原因），预防（如何限制药物使用），治疗（对药物使用者的干预）和后果（青少年药物使用的影响和结果）。
During the past several years, there has been a renewed national concern about drug abuse, culminating in the current “war on drugs.” In this review, we emphasize that even though child or teenage drug use is an individual behavior, it is embedded in a sociocultural context that strongly determines its character and manifestations. Our focus is on psychoactive substances both licit (cigarettes and alcohol) and illicit (eg, cannabis and cocaine). We feel that it is critical to draw a distinction between use and abuse of drugs and to do so from a multidimensional perspective that includes aspects of the stimulus (drug), organism (individual), response, and consequences. Our selective review of substance use and abuse among children and adolescents covers epidemiology (patterns and extent of drug use), etiology (what generates substance use), prevention (how to limit drug use), treatment (interventions with drug users), and consequences (effects and outcomes of youthful drug use).