SCIENCE FOR THE POST-NORMAL AGE
SCIENCE FOR THE POST-NORMAL AGE
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DOI：
10.1016/0016-3287(93)90022-l
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发表时间：
1993-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
RAVETZ, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FUNTOWICZ, SO;RAVETZ, JR
为了应对风险和环境政策问题的挑战，一种新的科学类型“后正常”正在出现。这与传统的解决问题的策略，包括核心科学，应用科学和专业咨询进行了分析。我们使用系统的不确定性和决策风险这两个属性来区分这些。后常态科学是适当的，当任何一个属性是高的，那么传统的方法是无效的。在这种情况下，要保证对政策进程的科学投入的质量，就需要有一个“扩大的同行群体”，由所有与这一问题的对话有利害关系的人组成。后规范科学可以为科学民主化提供一条路径，也是对当前后现代性思潮的回应。
In response to the challenges of policy issues of risk and the environment, a new type of science-'post-normal'-is emerging. This is analysed in contrast to traditional problem-solving strategies, including core science, applied science, and professional consultancy. We use the two attributes of systems uncertainties and decision stakes to distinguish among these. Post-normal science is appropriate when either attribute is high; then the traditional methodologies are ineffective. In those circumstances, the quality assurance of scientific inputs to the policy process requires an 'extended peer community', consisting of all those with a stake in the dialogue on the issue. Post-normal science can provide a path to the democratization of science, and also a response to the current tendencies to post-modernity.