Developmental biology and tissue engineering
Developmental biology and tissue engineering
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DOI：
10.1002/bdrc.20109
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Forgacs, Gabor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marga, Francoise;Neagu, Adrian;Forgacs, Gabor
形态发生意味着在早期胚胎发育中产生组织和器官的细胞的受控空间组织。虽然形态发生受到严格的遗传控制，但特定形状的特化生物结构的形成取决于物理过程。组织工程（TE）的目的是在实验室中再现形态发生，即，在体外，制造再生医学的替代器官。产生组织/器官的经典方法是通过在适当形状的生物相容性支架中接种和扩增细胞，希望成熟过程将产生所需的结构。为了更自然、更有效地实现这一目标，我们建立并实施了一种新的TE方法，该方法基于发育生物学原理，采用生物打印，将细胞复合材料自动递送到三维（3D）生物相容性环境中。这项新技术依赖于组织流动性的概念，根据这一概念，由粘附细胞和运动细胞组成的多细胞聚集体的行为与液体类似：特别是它们融合。我们强调组织融合在胚胎中发挥的主要作用，并解释如何管理组织融合的参数（表面张力，粘度）可以在实验上和理论上控制和模拟细胞球体的自组装成3D生活结构。实验观察到的印后形状演变的管状和片状结构。基于液体模型的计算机模拟支持组织流动性可能为体外器官构建提供机制的想法。
Morphogenesis implies the controlled spatial organization of cells that gives rise to tissues and organs in early embryonic development. While morphogenesis is under strict genetic control, the formation of specialized biological structures of specific shape hinges on physical processes. Tissue engineering (TE) aims at reproducing morphogenesis in the laboratory, i.e., in vitro, to fabricate replacement organs for regenerative medicine. The classical approach to generate tissues/organs is by seeding and expanding cells in appropriately shaped biocompatible scaffolds, in the hope that the maturation process will result in the desired structure. To accomplish this goal more naturally and efficiently, we set up and implemented a novel TE method that is based on principles of developmental biology and employs bioprinting, the automated delivery of cellular composites into a three-dimensional (3D) biocompatible environment. The novel technology relies on the concept of tissue liquidity according to which multicellular aggregates composed of adhesive and motile cells behave in analogy with liquids: in particular, they fuse. We emphasize the major role played by tissue fusion in the embryo and explain how the parameters (surface tension, viscosity) that govern tissue fusion can be used both experimentally and theoretically to control and simulate the self-assembly of cellular spheroids into 3D living structures. The experimentally observed postprinting shape evolution of tube- and sheet-like constructs is presented. Computer simulations, based on a liquid model, support the idea that tissue liquidity may provide a mechanism for in vitro organ building.