Lead-free piezoceramics
Lead-free piezoceramics
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DOI：
10.1038/nature03028
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发表时间：
2004-11-04
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Nakamura, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saito, Y;Takao, H;Nakamura, M
最近，由于担心铅的毒性，许多商业应用和材料(例如，焊料、玻璃和陶器釉料)都排除了铅。钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷是一种高性能的压电材料，广泛应用于传感器、执行器和其他电子器件中；它们含有超过60%的铅。尽管已经共同努力开发无铅压电陶瓷，但还没有找到PZT的有效替代品(1-14)。在这里，我们报道了一种无铅压电陶瓷，其电场感应应变与典型的致动器级PZT相当。我们通过在碱性Nb基钙钛矿固溶体中发现准同型相界，以及开发一种导致高度[001]织构的多晶体的加工路线来实现这一点。该陶瓷的压电常数d(33)(在同一方向上施加的每单位力的感应电荷)高于每牛顿300皮库仑(PCN(-1))，而织构材料的峰值d(33)为416PCN(-1)。织构材料还表现出与温度无关的场感应应变特性。
Lead has recently been expelled from many commercial applications and materials ( for example, from solder, glass and pottery glaze) owing to concerns regarding its toxicity. Lead zirconium titanate (PZT) ceramics are high-performance piezoelectric materials, which are widely used in sensors, actuators and other electronic devices; they contain more than 60 weight per cent lead. Although there has been a concerted effort to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, no effective alternative to PZT has yet been found(1-14). Here we report a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with an electric-field-induced strain comparable to typical actuator-grade PZT. We achieved this through the combination of the discovery of a morphotropic phase boundary in an alkaline niobate-based perovskite solid solution, and the development of a processing route leading to highly [001] textured polycrystals. The ceramic exhibits a piezoelectric constant d(33) ( the induced charge per unit force applied in the same direction) of above 300 picocoulombs per newton (pCN(-1)), and texturing the material leads to a peak d(33) of 416 pCN(-1). The textured material also exhibits temperature-independent field-induced strain characteristics.