From Huntington to Trump: thirty years of the clash of civilizations
From Huntington to Trump: thirty years of the clash of civilizations
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从亨廷顿到特朗普：三十年的文明冲突
DOI：
10.1080/09637494.2021.1925416
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Madeley
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Madeley
塞缪尔·亨廷顿1993年的文章《文明的冲突？》美国权威杂志《外交事务》的编辑们后来宣称这是它发表过的“最有影响力的文章之一”。这篇文章的影响力是否能与1947年乔治凯南的文章（常被认为是美国冷战政策框架的制定者）相提并论还有待观察，但这些具有里程碑意义的思想文章如何影响和塑造国际关系模式显然是一个重要的思考和研究对象。杰弗里·海恩斯的最新作品是一个广泛的和多层次的尝试，以评估亨廷顿的文章对政策和意见的影响，在国际和民族国家层面的学者，国际公务员和政治家之间的论战所造成的。在此过程中，海恩斯讨论了许多问题，其中包括宗教相关问题在世界事务和国家政治中的地位和作用，他已经就这些主题写了大量文章。本书分为两个部分和八章。在第一章至第四章中，第一部分概述了西方，特别是伊斯兰世界之间的紧张局势和冲突的历史和思想背景，特别是自冷战结束以来。书名中提到的30年提醒人们，虽然早在1957年，伯纳德刘易斯就首次使用了“文明冲突”一词，但他在1990年再次提出了著名的论点，即阿拉伯穆斯林占多数的国家和西方国家之间根深蒂固的价值观差异可能导致政治冲突。三年后，亨廷顿更著名的做法（并在1996年的一本书中进一步扩展）是一方面将这一论点扩展到包括世界所有主要文明群体之间的价值差异，另一方面，最有争议的是，将其与西方和伊斯兰世界之间的冲突联系起来。他的论点中最有争议的含义是，伊斯兰教本身（而不仅仅是激进伊斯兰主义者所宣扬的伊斯兰教版本）从根本上与自由和民主对立，是对西方权力的最大挑战。2001年，美国发生的9/11恐怖袭击事件似乎戏剧性地证实了这一说法，并鼓励了一系列暴力恐怖事件，这反过来又引发了美国领导的全球反恐战争（所谓）。其他事态发展，包括
Samuel Huntington’s 1993 article ‘The Clash of Civilizations?’in the US establishment journal Foreign Affairs was later declared by the editors ‘one of the most influential pieces’ it had ever published. Whether or not it turns out to have been as influential as the same journal’s 1947 article by George Kennan, which is often credited with setting the frame for US Cold War policy, remains to be seen, but the way such agenda-setting think pieces appear to inform and shape the patterning of international relations is a patently important object of contemplation and research. Jeffrey Haynes’ most recent volume is a wide-ranging and multilayered attempt to assess the impact of Huntington’s article on policy and opinion at both international and nation-state levels among scholars, international civil servants, and politicians wrought by the polemic. In doing so, Haynes addresses a number of issues including inter alia the place and role of religion-related issues in world affairs and national politics, topics on which he has already written a great deal.The book is divided into two sections and eight chapters. Over chapters 1 to 4, the first section surveys the historic and ideational background to the tensions and conflicts between the West and, in particular, the world of Islam, especially since the end of the Cold War. The 30 years referenced in the book’s title acts as a reminder that while it was Bernard Lewis who had first used the phrase ‘clash of civilizations’ as early as 1957, it was him again who in 1990 famously expanded on the thesis that the deep-rooted difference in values between Arab Muslim-majority countries and western nations was likely to lead to political conflict. What Huntington more famously did three years later (and expanded further in a 1996 book-length treatment) was to extend the argument to embrace value differences between all of the world’s major civilisational groups on the one hand and, most controversially, to sharpen its relevance to conflicts between the West and the Islamic world on the other. The most controversial implication of his arguments was that it was Islam itself (and not just those versions of it promoted by radical Islamists) that, being fundamentally antithetical to freedom and democracy, presented the greatest challenge to western power. In 2001 the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA appeared to many to dramatically confirm this claim and encourage a further series of violent terror incidents which, in turn, provoked the United Statesled Global War on Terror (so-called). Other developments, including the failure of the