Short-range airborne transmission of expiratory droplets between two people
Short-range airborne transmission of expiratory droplets between two people
复制标题
两人之间呼出飞沫的短程空气传播
DOI：
10.1111/ina.12314
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Jensen, R. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, L.;Li, Y.;Jensen, R. L.
许多呼吸道疾病的近距离感染经常被引用为大飞沫和/或密切接触传播的证据。我们探讨了人际接触的呼出液滴和液滴核的两个站立的热假人的距离，湿度，通风，呼吸模式的影响。在研究的特定条件下，我们发现，当一个敏感的人体模型是在约1.5米的源人体模型，被称为邻近效应，空气中暴露于源人体模型呼出的液滴核大幅增加。约1.5 m的阈值距离区分了液滴和液滴核的两种基本传播过程，即短距离模式和长距离空中路线。短距离模式包括传统的大液滴路径和新定义的短距离空气传播。因此，我们发现，发生在源患者附近的传输包括液滴传播（大液滴）和短距离的空气传播途径，除了直接沉积在其他身体表面的大液滴。飞沫传播途径和短程传播途径的机理不同，有效控制方法也不同。目前的飞沫预防措施和稀释通风都无法防止短距离空气传播，因此需要新的控制方法。
The occurrence of close proximity infection for many respiratory diseases is often cited as evidence of large droplet and/or close contact transmission. We explored interpersonal exposure of exhaled droplets and droplet nuclei of two standing thermal manikins as affected by distance, humidity, ventilation, and breathing mode. Under the specific set of conditions studied, we found a substantial increase in airborne exposure to droplet nuclei exhaled by the source manikin when a susceptible manikin is within about 1.5 m of the source manikin, referred to as the proximity effect. The threshold distance of about 1.5 m distinguishes the two basic transmission processes of droplets and droplet nuclei, that is, short--range modes and the long--range airborne route. The short-range modes include both the conventional large droplet route and the newly defined short--range airborne transmission. We thus reveal that transmission occurring in close proximity to the source patient includes both droplet--borne ( large droplet) and short--range airborne routes, in addition to the direct deposition of large droplets on other body surfaces. The mechanisms of the droplet--borne and short--range airborne routes are different; their effective control methods also differ. Neither the current droplet precautions nor dilution ventilation prevents short--range airborne transmission, so new control methods are needed.