A study of human gall bladder muscle in vitro.
A study of human gall bladder muscle in vitro.
复制标题
人胆囊肌肉的体外研究。
作者：
A. J. Mack;J. K. Todd
目前还没有一种技术可以直接提供人体胆汁收缩的信息。根据放射学(Burton，Harper，Howat，Scott和Varley，1960)或通过十二指肠插管吸入胆汁的方法，可以显示胆汁排空，但排空并不一定意味着胆囊壁的收缩，因为它还取决于Oddi括约肌和周围的十二指肠肌肉系统的活动。因此，药物对胆管括约肌机制的作用可能会很好地掩盖它们对胆囊肌本身的任何作用。结石嵌塞在胆囊颈，导致胆囊管阻塞，是引起胆道疼痛的常见原因。通常使用度冷丁和阿托品来治疗这种疼痛，尽管已经指出，我们对这些药物对胆囊肌的作用甚至对组织的基本生理都没有直接的了解。体外技术似乎适用于这一问题的研究。本研究旨在探讨胆囊肌的生理和药理作用。以前似乎没有做过这样的研究，因为现有的描述是从上面提到的间接实验技术和从低等动物获得的结果推断而来的。离体胆或胆囊壁的体外研究主要涉及技术上适合这种方法的狗和豚鼠。然而，拉夫丁和莫里森(1931)确实研究了从恒河猴的胆汁中提取的条带。这些作者还提到了一个包含多个结石的单个人胆，其壁因炎性变化而增厚。从这个器官的壁上取下的条子显示了器官浴中的音调和自发活动，但作者没有检查添加物质的影响。
There is no technique which gives direct information on the contraction of the human gall bladder in vivo. Methods which have been used, depending on radiology (Burton, Harper, Howat, Scott, and Varley, 1960), or on the aspiration of bile by duodenal intubation, show the gall bladder emptying, but emptying does not necessarily imply contraction of the gall bladder wall, since it also depends on the activity of the sphincter of Oddi and surrounding duodenal musculature. Thus the action of drugs on the bile duct sphincter mechanisms may well mask any action which they have on the muscle of the gall bladder itself. A calculus impacted in the neck of the gall bladder, with consequent obstruction of the cystic duct, is a common cause of biliary pain. It is usual to treat this pain with pethidine and atropine, although as has been indicated, we have no direct knowledge of the action of these drugs on the gall bladder muscle or even of the basic physiology of the tissue. The in vitro technique seems to be applicable to the investigation of this problem. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the physiology and pharmacology of smooth muscle of the gall bladder. No such study appears to have been made previously, as the existing accounts have been derived from the indirect experimental techniques referred to above and by extrapolation from results obtained on lower animals. In vitro studies of isolated gall bladders or of strips of gall bladder wall have been mainly concerned with the dog and guinea pig which are technically suited to this method. Ravdin and Morrison (1931) did, however, study strips taken from the gall bladder of the Rhesus monkey. These authors also mention a single human gall bladder which contained multiple stones and whose wall was thickened by inflammatory change. Strips from the wall of this organ showed tone and spontaneous activity in an organ bath, but the authors did not examine the effect of added substances.