Evolution of competitive traits changes species diversity in a natural field
Evolution of competitive traits changes species diversity in a natural field
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2022.1376
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发表时间：
2022-09-28
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Uchida, Kei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fukano, Yuya;Tachiki, Yuuya;Uchida, Kei
研究进化过程和生态过程之间的相互作用(即生态进化动力学)对于提高我们对物种相互作用、群落组装和生态系统功能等生物过程的理解具有很大的潜力。然而，大多数实验研究都是在受控实验室或中游条件下进行的，这些相互作用在自然野外群落中的重要性尚未得到评估。在本研究中，我们研究了一种一年生草本植物的竞争性状(高宽比)在城市和农田种群之间的当代差异，并通过将不同性状值的家系中的野生稻个体移植到半自然草地上，研究了性状进化对生态过程的影响。移栽个体的竞争性状不仅影响自身的生长和适合度，还影响竞争物种的营养生长和物种多样性。这些结果表明，竞争性状的进化，即使在单个物种中，也可以通过种间相互作用的变化来影响群落的物种多样性。因此，生态进化相互作用在自然野外环境中起着至关重要的作用。我们的结果表明，理解由快速进化驱动的竞争性状的种内变异对于理解种间竞争相互作用、群落组装和物种多样性至关重要。
Studying the interaction between evolutionary and ecological processes (i.e. eco-evolutionary dynamics) has great potential to improve our understanding of biological processes such as species interactions, community assembly and ecosystem functions. However, most experimental studies have been conducted under controlled laboratory or mesocosm conditions, and the importance of these interactions in natural field communities has not been evaluated. In this study, we focused on the contemporary divergence of a competitive trait (the height-width ratio) of an annual grass Eleusine indica between urban and farmland populations and investigated how trait evolution affects ecological processes by transplanting E. indica individuals from lineages with different trait values into semi-natural grassland. The competitive trait of the transplanted individuals not only affected their own growth and fitness, but also affected the vegetative growth of the competing species and the species diversity. These results indicate that the evolution of competitive traits, even in a single species, can influence the community species diversity through changes in interspecific interactions. Eco-evolutionary interactions therefore play a crucial role in natural field environments. Our results suggest that understanding intraspecific variation in competitive traits driven by rapid evolution is essential for understanding interspecific competitive interactions, community assembly and species diversity.