When Do People "Check Out" Male Bodies? Appearance-Focus Increases the Objectifying Gaze Toward Men
When Do People "Check Out" Male Bodies? Appearance-Focus Increases the Objectifying Gaze Toward Men
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DOI：
10.1037/men0000122
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dodd, Michael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bernard, Philippe;Gervais, Sarah J.;Dodd, Michael D.
客观化的研究主要集中在女性为什么以及如何被客观化，但相对而言，人们对男性客观化的驱动力知之甚少。本文的目的是研究对男性的客观化凝视，这是在本文中操作为减少对男人的脸和增加对男人的身体部位（手臂，胸部和胃）的关注。我们考虑了外表（与个性）焦点和理想体型对男性客观化凝视的作用。具体来说，我们指导65名参与者（36名男性）在他们的眼睛被监测的同时评估男性的外表或个性。为了评估客观化凝视，我们检查了停留时间（即，花费在目标的面部、手臂、胸部和腹部上的固定在一个区域上的总时间）以及第一固定时间（即，相对于图像的开始，面部、手臂和腹部被固定的速度）。与我们的主要假设一致，结果表明，注重外表的参与者比注重个性的参与者看脸的时间更短，看胸部，手臂和肚子的时间更长。参与者还观察了男性的手臂，以获得更多的时间来获得高（与平均和低）理想体型的男性身体。我们讨论了这些结果及其影响的客观化和身体知觉理论的光。
Objectification studies have mostly focused on why and how women are objectified, but relatively little is known about what drives the objectification of men. This article aims to examine the objectifying gaze toward men, which is operationalized in the present article as decreased focus on men's faces and increased focus on men's body parts (arms, chest, and stomach). We considered the role of appearance (vs. personality) focus and ideal body shape on the objectifying gaze toward men. Specifically, we instructed 65 participants (36 men) to either evaluate the appearance or the personality of men while their eyes were monitored. To assess the objectifying gaze, we examined dwell time (i.e., total time spent fixating on an area) on targets' face, arms, chest, and stomach as well as first fixation time (i.e., how quickly face, arms, and stomach were fixated relative to the onset of the image). Consistent with our main hypothesis, results indicated that appearance-focused participants looked at faces for less time and chests, arms, and stomachs for more time than personality-focused participants. Participants also looked at men's arms for more time for men's bodies with high (vs. average and low) ideal body shapes. We discus these results and their implications in the light of objectification and body perception theories.