Foraging ecology of Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at Macquarie Island during the period of chick care
Foraging ecology of Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at Macquarie Island during the period of chick care
复制标题
麦格理岛巴布亚巴布亚企鹅保育期的觅食生态
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Hindell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Robinson;M. Hindell
在 1993 年至 1994 年南方夏季的繁殖季节，我们在麦格理岛对巴布亚企鹅的饮食、潜水行为、游泳速度和觅食范围进行了研究。巴布亚企鹅被认为是近海捕食者，麦格理岛的饮食和估计的觅食范围证明了这一点。按质量计算，饮食中 91.6% 是鱼，8.3% 是鱿鱼。主要的猎物类群是Gymnoscopylus sp。和Paranotothenia magellanica。中上层和底栖猎物的混合物被消耗，其中较大比例的底栖物种出现在季节后期。企鹅的潜水行为表现出强烈的昼夜模式。深潜（≥30 m）在日出附近（03:00）开始，在日落附近（21:00）结束。夜间潜水不太常见，而且非常浅（<10 m）。在繁殖季节早期，潜水剖面表明鸟类可能在水体中跟随垂直迁移的中上层猎物，并在超过 100 m 深的水域中觅食。在季节后期，使用了更均匀、更浅的深度，这表明底栖觅食活动有所增加。潜水模式和深度的这些变化与饮食中发现的猎物物种的栖息地偏好一致。巴布亚企鹅的游泳速度为每秒 1.04 m，单日旅行的最大潜在觅食范围约为 26 公里。它们倾向于在距离蜂群 14 公里的范围内觅食，平均范围为 5.4 公里。该范围包括该岛西部和东部的深海栖息地以及北部的浅水区域。
The diet, diving behaviour, swimming velocity and foraging range of Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua were studied at Macquarie Island during the breeding season in the 1993–1994 austral summer. Gentoo Penguins are considered to be inshore feeders, and at Macquarie Island the diet and estimated foraging ranges supported this. The diet consisted of 91.6% fish and 8.3% squid, by mass. The dominant prey taxa were the fish Gymnoscopelus sp. and Paranotothenia magellanica. A mixture of pelagic and benthic prey was consumed, with a greater proportion of benthic species occurring later in the season. The penguins exhibited a strong diurnal pattern in their diving behaviour. Deep diving (≥30 m) began near sunrise (03.00 h) and finished close to sunset (21.00 h). Diving at night was less common and very shallow (<10 m). Early in the breeding season, dive profiles indicated that birds were probably following vertically migrating pelagic prey through the water column and were foraging in waters over 100 m deep. Later in the season, more uniform, shallower depths were used, suggesting an increase in benthic foraging activity. These changes in dive pattern and depth were consistent with the habitat preferences of prey species found in the diet. Gentoo Penguins swam at 1.04 m per s and had a maximum potential foraging range of about 26 km for single-day trips. They tended to forage within 14 km of the colony, with a mean range of 5.4 km. This range encompassed the deep ocean habitat to the west and east of the island and a shallow area to the north.