Anxiety and Attentional Bias: State and Trait
Anxiety and Attentional Bias: State and Trait
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/02699938808410922
复制
发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Broadbent, Margaret
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broadbent, Donald;Broadbent, Margaret
麦克劳德、马修斯和塔塔（Tata，1986）发现，焦虑患者对出现在威胁性视觉词位置的探测刺激的反应往往比同时出现的中性词更快。在4个实验中，共有104名来自普通人群的受试者接受了这项任务的不同变化的测试。与焦虑的关系得到了证实，结果表明，这种关系并没有出现在动物的名字，也形成了一个语义相似的集，并有一个平等的概率，其次是探测刺激。尽管这种效应因此取决于单词的内容，但它在实验过程中建立起来，因此可能是由于对威胁性单词存在的注意后意识增加。实验中最可靠的结果是使用特质焦虑而不是状态焦虑，特别是通过拟合曲线关系，使得焦虑的确切程度在低水平时几乎没有差别，但在高水平时变得越来越重要。如果使用状态，则与Trait的相互作用发现最佳关系，使得状态在Trait的高值处产生更多差异。这意味着，这种影响在某种程度上必须归因于持久的个性特征。这不是在每个人处于暂时状态时都会发生的事情。
MacLeod, Mathews, and Tata (1986) found that anxious patients showed a tendency to react faster to a probe stimulus that appeared in the location of a threatening visual word rather than in that of a simultaneous neutral word. In 4 experiments, a total of 104 subjects drawn from the general population were tested on different variations of this task. A relationship to anxiety was confirmed, and it was shown that this relationship did not appear on animal names that also formed a semantically similar set and had an equal probability of being followed by a probe stimulus. Although the effect is therefore dependent on the content of the word, it builds up during the experimental session and is therefore likely to be due to increasing post-attentive awareness of the presence of threatening words.The most reliable results across experiments were found by using Trait rather than State Anxiety, and particularly by fitting a curvilinear relationship such that the exact degree of Anxiety makes little difference at low levels but becomes increasingly important at high levels. If State is used, the best relationship is found with an interaction with Trait, such that State makes more difference at high values of Trait. This means that the effect must be to some extent due to lasting personality characteristics. It is not something that happens to everybody when in a temporary state.