Trends in Reported Happiness Within Demographically Defined Subgroups, 1957–78
Trends in Reported Happiness Within Demographically Defined Subgroups, 1957–78
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人口统计亚组内报告的幸福感趋势，1957 年至 78 年
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发表时间：
1982
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通讯作者：
W. Rodgers
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作者：
W. Rodgers
1957年至1978年进行的调查表明，从20世纪50年代到70年代初，报告的幸福水平有所下降，随后逐渐反弹。人口中某些亚群体的模式不同。那些家庭收入最低的四分之一的人在最初的时期幸福感几乎没有下降，而在20世纪70年代则急剧上升。在65岁及以上的人中观察到类似的模式。对各年龄组之间差异的进一步分析表明，群组效应在真正的年龄效应中占主导地位，1970年代以前观察到的时期效应在年轻人中比在老年人中更大。这些模式被解释为1960年代可能远离物质主义价值观的证据。然而，这一趋势的幅度非常小。近年来，对主观生活质量的兴趣出现了，这是对完全依赖客观的、特别是经济的幸福指标的反应。坎贝尔和匡威）。如果我们想比较不同群体的生活质量，或一段时间的趋势，那么，有人认为，仅仅比较以美元计算的收入或病假的健康或受害率方面的安全是不够的。我们还必须弄清楚个人如何看待他们的环境，以及他们对环境的感受，这样才能使比较真正有意义，因为人们在什么对他们来说是重要的方面是不同的，他们的感受构成了更好或更坏的条件。一个相反的论点是，个人可能是如此适应范围广泛的“这项研究是由国家科学基金会资助#BNS76-82529。我非常感谢弗兰克·安德鲁斯、雷古拉·赫尔佐格、汤姆·史密斯、诺瓦尔·格伦和一位匿名裁判对本文草稿的评论。本文中使用的一些数据由大学间政治和社会研究联盟提供。安格斯坎贝尔和菲利普匡威以及约瑟夫·韦罗夫、伊丽莎白·杜万和理查德·库尔卡提供了更多的数据。这些数据最初是由密歇根大学的调查研究中心和芝加哥大学的国家民意研究中心收集的。数据的原始来源和收集者以及ICPSR都不对本文的分析或解释承担任何责任。北卡罗来纳州出版社. 0037-7732/82/030826- 42
Surveys conducted between 1957 and 1978 indicate a decline in reported levels of happiness from the 1950s to the early 1970s, followed by a gradual rebound. The pattern is different for certain subgroups of the population. Those in the bottom quartile in family income showed little decline in happiness during the initial period and a steeper rise during the 1970s. A similar pattern was observed for those age 65 and older. Further analysis of the differences among age groups suggests that cohort effects dominate true age effects, and that the period effect observed prior to the 1970s was greater among young people than among older people. These patterns are interpreted as evidence of a possible shift away from materialistic values during the 1960s. The magnitude of the trend, however, is very small. Interest in the subjective quality of life has emerged in recent years in reaction to exclusive dependence on objective and especially economic indicators of well-being (cf. Campbell and Converse). If we wish to compare the quality of life of different groups, or trends over time, it is not enough, so it is argued, to compare income in dollars or health in sick days or safety in terms of victimization rates. We must also find out how individuals perceive their environment and how they feel about it if the comparisons are to be truly meaningful, since people differ in what is important to them and what they feel constitutes a better or worse condition. A counter-argument is that individuals may be so adaptable to a wide range 'This research was supported by Grant #BNS76-82529 from the National Science Foundation. I gratefully acknowledge comments on a draft of this paper by Frank Andrews, Regula Herzog, Tom Smith, Norval Glenn, and an anonymous referee. Some of the data utilized in this article were made available by the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. Additional data were kindly made available by Angus Campbell and Philip Converse, and by Joseph Veroff, Elizabeth Douvan, and Richard Kulka. The data were originally collected by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan and by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Neither the original sources nor collectors of the data nor the ICPSR bear any responsibility for the analyses or interpretations presented here. t 1982 The University of North Carolina Press. 0037-7732/82/030826-42$01.70