Intra-population variation in the natal origins and wing morphology of overwintering western monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus
Intra-population variation in the natal origins and wing morphology of overwintering western monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus
复制标题
越冬西部帝王蝶 Danaus plexippus 出生起源和翅膀形态的种群内变异
DOI：
10.1111/ecog.01994
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Jeffery M. Welker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Louie H. Yang;D. Ostrovsky;Matthew C. Rogers;Jeffery M. Welker
了解迁徙动物的纳塔尔起源对于了解它们的种群动态和保护至关重要。然而，对许多物种，特别是那些地理分布范围很大的物种，从不同纳塔尔生境补充种群的数量估计可能很难评估。这些局限性阻碍了对迁徙物种的关键移动和生态相互作用的替代假设的评估。在这里，我们定量研究了种群内的变化，在北美西部的帝王蝶Danaus plexippus的纳塔尔起源的稳定同位素比值和相关性与翅膀形态的空间分析。一个地图的氢同位素值在西部帝王蝶翅膀（d 2Hm）估计使用的传递函数，涉及d2Hm值的帝王蝶翅膀角蛋白的长期数据集的降水同位素（d 2Hp）值在美国西部。同位素分析114帝王蝶翅膀收集在四个加州越冬的位置表明，在纳塔尔起源，大部分招聘来自广泛的地区沿着太平洋沿岸，美国西南部和北方山间地区的重大个体差异。这些观察到的模式可能部分解决和调和过去关于西方帝王蝶纳塔尔起源的几个假设，同时也提出了新的问题。更负的d2Hm值（与较长的迁徙距离）与较大的前翅尺寸显着相关，与长距离迁徙的空气动力学和能量成本的基础上的预期一致，而机翼形状的分析表明，在西部范围内观察到的运动行为和限制的潜在差异，与以前在北美东部的观察结果相比。两者合计，本研究的结果表明，大量的个体差异在越冬的西方帝王蝶的纳塔尔地，这表明当地和长距离的运动越冬地点。
Understanding the natal origins of migratory animals is critical for understanding their population dynamics and conservation. However, quantitative estimates of population recruitment from different natal habitats can be difficult to assess for many species, especially those with large geographic ranges. These limitations hinder the evaluation of alternative hypotheses about the key movements and ecological interactions of migratory species. Here, we quantitatively investigated intra-population variation in the natal origins of western North American monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus using spatial analyses of stable isotope ratios and correlations with wing morphology. A map of hydrogen isotope values in western monarch butterfly wings (d 2Hm) was estimated using a transfer function that relates the d2Hm values of monarch butterfly wing keratin to a long-term dataset of precipitation isotope (d 2Hp) values across the western United States. Isotopic analyses of 114 monarch butterfly wings collected at four California overwintering locations indicated substantial individual variation in natal origins, with most recruitment coming from broad regions along the Pacific coast, the southwestern US and the northern intermountain region. These observed patterns may partially resolve and reconcile several past hypotheses about the natal origins of western monarch butterflies, while also raising new questions. More negative d2Hm values (associated with longer migratory distance) were significantly correlated with larger forewing sizes, consistent with expectations based on the aerodynamic and energetic costs of long-distance migration, while analyses of wing shape suggest potential differences in the movement behaviors and constraints observed in the western range, compared with previous observations in eastern North America. Taken together, the results of this study indicate substantial individual variation in the natal origins of overwintering western monarch butterflies, suggesting both local and long-distance movement to overwintering sites.