Survival rates and causes of mortality in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in multi-use landscapes
Survival rates and causes of mortality in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in multi-use landscapes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2006.01.025
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Segerstrom, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andren, Henrik;Linnell, John D. C.;Segerstrom, Peter
对斯堪的纳维亚五个不同研究区域245只放射性标记的欧亚猞猁（猞猁）的死亡原因进行了描述。此外，对其中3个研究区域的存活率和人口增长率进行了估计，对202只猞猁进行了314无线电年的跟踪调查。在我们所有的研究区域中，成年欧亚猞猁死亡的主要原因绝大多数是人为的，饥饿、车辆碰撞、种内和种间死亡和疾病仅占次要作用。如果把狩猎和偷猎算在内，成年人的平均死亡率从2%增加到17%，即增加了8倍。这反过来又对人口增长率产生了巨大影响，当包括狩猎和偷猎在内时，人口增长率从每年20%以上的增长下降到只有2%至4%。偷猎占成年猞猁死亡率的46%。偷猎和合法收获似乎主要是出于冲突；猞猁在斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部捕食半家养的驯鹿，在斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部与猎人争夺狍，在挪威各地捕食自由放养的家羊。盗猎率最低的地区是挪威的海德马克研究区，那里的合法采伐量也很高。在瑞典的一个研究地区（Sarek），偷猎率更高，那里的合法狩猎比其他地区低。另一方面，在挪威的Akershus/Ostfold研究区，偷猎率和合法采伐都很高。因此，合法采伐的增加和偷猎的减少之间似乎并不像人们普遍预期的那样存在简单的关系。最重要的保护行动是通过执法和增加容忍的措施来打击偷猎。(c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Causes of mortality were described for 245 radio-marked Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in five different Scandinavian study areas. Further-more, the survival rates and the population growth rates were estimated for three of the study areas where 202 lynx were followed for a total of 314 radio-years. The main causes of mortality in adult Eurasian lynx in all our study areas were overwhelmingly anthropogenic, with starvation, vehicle collisions, intra- and interspecific killing and disease only having a minor role. The mean mortality rates for adults increased from 2% to 17% when hunting and poaching were included, i.e., an increase by a factor of eight. This in turn had a large impact on population growth rates, which changed from more than a 20% annual increase to only a 2-4% when hunting and poaching were included. Poaching accounted for 46% of the mortality in adult lynx. Poaching and legal harvest appear to be primarily motivated by conflicts; lynx depredation on semi-domestic reindeer in northern Scandinavia, competition with hunters for roe deer in southern Scandinavia, and depredation on free-ranging domestic sheep in all Norway. The lowest poaching rate was found in the Hedmark study area in Norway, which also had a high legal harvest. The poaching rate was higher in one of the Swedish study areas (Sarek) where legal hunting was lower than in other areas. on the other hand, both the poaching rate and the legal harvest were high in the Akershus/Ostfold study area in Norway. Thus, there does not seem to be a simple relationship between an increased legal harvest and decreased poaching as is commonly expected. The most important conservation actions are to combat poaching through both law enforcement and measures designed to increase tolerance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.