Will epigenetics be a key player in crop breeding?
Will epigenetics be a key player in crop breeding?
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表观遗传学会在作物育种中发挥关键作用吗？
DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2022.958350
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Osabe, Kenji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tonosaki, Kaoru;Fujimoto, Ryo;Dennis, Elizabeth S. S.;Raboy, Victor;Osabe, Kenji
关键词：
面对气候变化，如果粮食和饲料生产要跟上世界需求，就必须在理解和利用作物变异的遗传和表观遗传来源方面继续取得进展。植物育种的进步传统上被认为是由于对自发的DNA序列突变的选择，这些突变提供了理想的表型。这些自发突变可以扩大表型多样性，育种者可以从中选择有用的农艺性状。然而，很明显，即使基因组序列没有改变，也可以产生表型多样性。表观遗传基因调控是一种在不改变DNA序列的情况下调节基因组表达的机制。随着高通量DNA测序仪的发展，分析整个基因组的表观遗传状态成为可能，这被称为表观基因组。这些技术使我们能够以高通量识别自发的表观遗传突变(表观突变)，并识别导致表型多样性增加的表观突变。这些表型可以创造新的表型，而致病表型可以世代遗传。有证据表明，所选择的农艺性状是由可遗传的表观突变决定的，育种者历史上可能选择了表观等位基因条件农艺性状。这些结果表明，不仅DNA序列多样性，而且表观遗传状态的多样性可以促进表型多样性的增加。然而，由于表观等位基因的诱导和传递方式及其稳定性不同于遗传等位基因，因此经典定义的遗传的重要性也不同。例如，对作物育种和作物生产重要的表观遗传类型之间可能存在差异。前者可能更多地依赖于较长期的继承，而后者可能只是利用短期现象。随着我们对表观遗传学认识的深入，表观遗传学可能会为作物改良带来新的前景，如利用表观遗传变异或表观基因组编辑进行育种。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍表观遗传变异在植物育种中的作用，主要集中在DNA甲基化上，并通过询问表观遗传学在作物育种中的新知识在多大程度上导致了它的成功应用而得出结论。
If food and feed production are to keep up with world demand in the face of climate change, continued progress in understanding and utilizing both genetic and epigenetic sources of crop variation is necessary. Progress in plant breeding has traditionally been thought to be due to selection for spontaneous DNA sequence mutations that impart desirable phenotypes. These spontaneous mutations can expand phenotypic diversity, from which breeders can select agronomically useful traits. However, it has become clear that phenotypic diversity can be generated even when the genome sequence is unaltered. Epigenetic gene regulation is a mechanism by which genome expression is regulated without altering the DNA sequence. With the development of high throughput DNA sequencers, it has become possible to analyze the epigenetic state of the whole genome, which is termed the epigenome. These techniques enable us to identify spontaneous epigenetic mutations (epimutations) with high throughput and identify the epimutations that lead to increased phenotypic diversity. These epimutations can create new phenotypes and the causative epimutations can be inherited over generations. There is evidence of selected agronomic traits being conditioned by heritable epimutations, and breeders may have historically selected for epiallele-conditioned agronomic traits. These results imply that not only DNA sequence diversity, but the diversity of epigenetic states can contribute to increased phenotypic diversity. However, since the modes of induction and transmission of epialleles and their stability differ from that of genetic alleles, the importance of inheritance as classically defined also differs. For example, there may be a difference between the types of epigenetic inheritance important to crop breeding and crop production. The former may depend more on longer-term inheritance whereas the latter may simply take advantage of shorter-term phenomena. With the advances in our understanding of epigenetics, epigenetics may bring new perspectives for crop improvement, such as the use of epigenetic variation or epigenome editing in breeding. In this review, we will introduce the role of epigenetic variation in plant breeding, largely focusing on DNA methylation, and conclude by asking to what extent new knowledge of epigenetics in crop breeding has led to documented cases of its successful use.
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影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Cheng, Chaoyang;Tarutani, Yoshiaki;Hirochika, Hirohiko
通讯作者：
Hirochika, Hirohiko
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1007972107
发表时间：
2010-07-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario;Sidorenko, Lyudmila;Chandler, Vicki L.
通讯作者：
Chandler, Vicki L.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Champion C;Guianvarc'h D;Sénamaud-Beaufort C;Jurkowska RZ;Jeltsch A;Ponger L;Arimondo PB;Guieysse-Peugeot AL
通讯作者：
Guieysse-Peugeot AL
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Dalakouras, Athanasios;Moser, Mirko;Wassenegger, Michael
通讯作者：
Wassenegger, Michael
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03699.x
发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Baubec T;Pecinka A;Rozhon W;Mittelsten Scheid O
通讯作者：
Mittelsten Scheid O