A comparison of shock-cloud and wind-cloud interactions: the longer survival of clouds in winds

A comparison of shock-cloud and wind-cloud interactions: the longer survival of clouds in winds
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冲击云和风云相互作用的比较:云在风中的生存时间更长

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stx1431
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Goldsmith K
Goldsmith K
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goldsmith K

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热的、高速的风与冷的、密集的分子云的相互作用经常被假定为类似于嵌在激波后气流中的云的演化。然而,目前文献中没有这两种方法的直接比较研究。本文对马赫数为10的激波与密度差为χ = 10的云团相互作用进行了二维绝热流体动力学模拟,并将模拟结果与相应的风云模拟结果进行了比较。然后,我们研究了改变风速(有效地改变风马赫数Mwind)对云演变的影响。我们发现这两个过程之间存在着显著的差异:1)在激波-云相互作用中,传播激波要平坦得多; 2)在风-云情况下,低压区以不同于激波-云情况的方式使云边缘周围的流动偏转; 3)在激波情况下,云的轴向压缩要大得多。随着M风的增加,归一化的混合速率减小。在M风较高的风中,云也不会经历通过云的后部传递的冲击,并且轴向压缩更大。与激波云模拟相反,由云破碎时间尺度cc归一化的云混合时间随着M风的增加而增加,直到它在高M风时达到稳定(attmix = 25 tcc),从而证明了预期的M风尺度。此外,高马赫数风中的云能够长时间存活,并且能够移动相当远的距离。
The interaction of a hot, high-velocity wind with a cold, dense molecular cloud has often been assumed to resemble the evolution of a cloud embedded in a post-shock flow. However, no direct comparative study of these two processes currently exists in the literature. We present 2D adiabatic hydrodynamical simulations of the interaction of a Mach 10 shock with a cloud of density contrast χ = 10 and compare our results with those of a commensurate wind-cloud simulation. We then investigate the effect of varying the wind velocity, effectively altering the wind Mach numberMwind, on the cloud's evolution. We find that there are significant differences between the two processes: 1) the transmitted shock is much flatter in the shock-cloud interaction; 2) a low-pressure region in the wind-cloud case deflects the flow around the edge of the cloud in a different manner to the shock-cloud case; 3) there is far more axial compression of the cloud in the case of the shock. AsMwindincreases, the normalized rate of mixing is reduced. Clouds in winds with higherMwindalso do not experience a transmitted shock through the cloud's rear and are more compressed axially. In contrast with shock-cloud simulations, the cloud mixing time normalized by the cloud-crushing time-scaletccincreases for increasingMwinduntil it plateaus (attmix≃ 25tcc) at highMwind, thus demonstrating the expected Mach scaling. In addition, clouds in high Mach number winds are able to survive for long durations and are capable of being moved considerable distances.
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