Fusogenic Viruses in Oncolytic Immunotherapy.
Fusogenic Viruses in Oncolytic Immunotherapy.
复制标题
溶瘤免疫疗法中的融合病毒。
DOI：
10.3390/cancers10070216
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发表时间：
2018-06-26
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Altomonte J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krabbe T;Altomonte J
溶瘤病毒正在紧张的发展中，并在改变癌症治疗面貌的新型癌症免疫治疗药物中赢得了一席之地。它们特异性感染并有效杀死肿瘤细胞的能力，同时打破免疫耐受并介导针对肿瘤的免疫应答，使溶瘤病毒成为免疫治疗的高度有吸引力的候选者。越来越多的证据表明，编码融合蛋白的溶瘤病毒的一个亚类在其直接溶瘤潜力以及其免疫刺激特性方面都可以胜过非融合病毒。肿瘤细胞感染这些病毒导致特征性合胞体形成和由于融合导致的细胞死亡，因为感染的细胞与邻近细胞融合，这促进了感染的肿瘤内扩散并释放额外的免疫原性信号。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了融合溶瘤病毒作为增强免疫治疗和启动广泛的抗肿瘤反应的最佳候选物的潜力。我们提供了一个概述的合胞体形成的细胞病变机制，通过病毒介导的表达融合蛋白，无论是内源性的或工程化的，和他们的癌症治疗的好处。越来越多的证据表明，融合性可能是在设计用于组合溶瘤免疫疗法的最佳溶瘤病毒平台时要考虑的重要特征。
Oncolytic viruses are under intense development and have earned their place among the novel class of cancer immunotherapeutics that are changing the face of cancer therapy. Their ability to specifically infect and efficiently kill tumor cells, while breaking immune tolerance and mediating immune responses directed against the tumor, make oncolytic viruses highly attractive candidates for immunotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that a subclass of oncolytic viruses, which encodes for fusion proteins, could outperform non-fusogenic viruses, both in their direct oncolytic potential, as well as their immune-stimulatory properties. Tumor cell infection with these viruses leads to characteristic syncytia formation and cell death due to fusion, as infected cells become fused with neighboring cells, which promotes intratumoral spread of the infection and releases additional immunogenic signals. In this review, we discuss the potential of fusogenic oncolytic viruses as optimal candidates to enhance immunotherapy and initiate broad antitumor responses. We provide an overview of the cytopathic mechanism of syncytia formation through viral-mediated expression of fusion proteins, either endogenous or engineered, and their benefits for cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that fusogenicity could be an important feature to consider in the design of optimal oncolytic virus platforms for combinatorial oncolytic immunotherapy.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
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