Ex vivo brain preparation to Analyze vocal pathways of Xenopus frogs.
Ex vivo brain preparation to Analyze vocal pathways of Xenopus frogs.
复制标题
离体大脑准备分析爪蟾的声音通路。
DOI：
10.1101/pdb.prot106872
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yamaguchi, Ayako
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamaguchi, Ayako
由于技术原因，理解行为的神经基础是一项具有挑战性的任务。大多数记录神经活动的方法需要动物被固定，但是与大多数行为相关的神经活动不能从麻醉的、固定的动物中记录下来。然而，利用两栖动物，在开发可用于电生理学和解剖学研究的体外脑制剂方面取得了一些成功。在这里，我们描述了一个离体青蛙脑制备虚构的发声（神经活动，将产生发声的大脑被连接到肌肉），可以反复引起。当5-羟色胺应用于雄性和雌性非洲爪蛙（Xenopus laevis）的离体大脑时，可以很容易地记录到喉神经活动，这种活动是体内性别特异性发声的基础。最近，该制剂已成功用于该属内的其他物种，包括热带爪蟾和维多利亚爪蟾。这种制备允许应用各种技术，包括发声过程中的细胞外和细胞内电生理记录和钙成像，神经元的手术和药理学操作以评估其对运动输出的影响，以及神经回路的束追踪。因此，准备是一个强大的工具，了解的基本原则，管理生产的连贯性和强大的运动程序在脊椎动物。
Understanding the neural basis of behavior is a challenging task for technical reasons. Most methods of recording neural activity require animals to be immobilized, but neural activity associated with most behavior cannot be recorded from an anesthetized, immobilized animal. Using amphibians, however, there has been some success in developing in vitro brain preparations that can be used for electrophysiological and anatomical studies. Here, we describe an ex vivo frog brain preparation from which fictive vocalizations (the neural activity that would have produced vocalizations had the brain been attached to the muscle) can be elicited repeatedly. When serotonin is applied to the isolated brains of male and female African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, laryngeal nerve activity that is a facsimile of those that underlie sex-specific vocalizations in vivo can be readily recorded. Recently, this preparation was successfully used in other species within the genus including Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus victorianus. This preparation allows a variety of techniques to be applied including extracellular and intracellular electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging during vocal production, surgical and pharmacological manipulation of neurons to evaluate their impact on motor output, and tract tracing of the neural circuitry. Thus, the preparation is a powerful tool with which to understand the basic principles that govern the production of coherent and robust motor programs in vertebrates.