An integrated approach for assessing the vulnerability of World Heritage Sites to climate change impacts
An integrated approach for assessing the vulnerability of World Heritage Sites to climate change impacts
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评估世界遗产地对气候变化影响脆弱性的综合方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sesana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sesana
：负责管理世界遗产地(WHS)的人面临的最困难的问题之一是气候变化，因为它不断给文化遗产的保护带来新的挑战。此外，随着我们的气候继续变化，我们的文化遗产可能会面临不同的压力，并可能面临以前从未经历过的风险。因此，需要调整管理做法，以纳入气候变化的影响。为了将气候变化影响纳入保护框架和管理做法，从政府政策层面到实地实践，需要在与决策者相关的范围内提供数据、信息和评估方法。本文提出了一种综合的脆弱性评估方法，并将其应用于联合国教科文组织在欧洲的三个文化遗产。通过这一过程，对文化遗产管理和保护方面的学者和专家以及世界遗产中心的管理人员和协调员进行了半结构化访谈。在评估过程中纳入自下而上的知识有助于了解场地的敏感性和适应能力，这是脆弱性的两个组成部分，在典型的自上而下的气候变化影响评估中分别没有得到足够的重视和忽视。特别是，访谈阐明了能够或限制适应能力的决定因素，即资源，包括技术、经济和人力；信息和认识；管理能力；学习能力；领导力；沟通和协作；以及治理；缺乏资源是最常提到的阻碍适应的决定因素。“信息和意识”和“管理能力”是以前在文化遗产领域没有确定的决定因素。前者强调需要传播科学研究成果，以便将其纳入遗产遗址的管理。诸如本文所进行的脆弱性评估可用于针对保护和加强文化遗产对气候变化影响的复原力的干预措施。
: One of the most difficult problem facing those responsible for managing World Heritage Sites (WHS) is climate change, as it poses continuous new challenges to the conservation of cultural heritage. Moreover, as our climate continues to change our cultural heritage will potentially be exposed to diverse pressures and potentially to risks not previously experienced. Thus, management practices will need to be tailored in order to include climate change impacts. For climate change impacts to be incorporated into preservation frameworks and management practices from government policy level down to the practice in the field, data, information and assessment methods need to be available at a scale relevant to decision-makers. This paper presents an integrated vulnerability assessment methodology and applies it to three UNESCO cultural WHS in Europe. Through this process, semi-structured interviews were conducted with academics and experts in the management and conservation of cultural heritage, as well as with the managers and coordinators of WHS. The incorporation of bottom-up knowledge in the assessment process allowed for an understanding of the sensitivity and adaptive capacity of the sites, two components of vulnerability that are not given sufficient attention and ignored, respectively, in typical top-down climate change impact assessments. In particular, the interviews elucidated the determinants that enable or constrain the capacity to adapt, i.e., resources, including technical, economic and human; information and awareness; management capacity; learning capacity; leadership; communication and collaboration; and governance; with the lack of resources most commonly mentioned as the determinant impeding adaptation. ‘Information and awareness’ and ‘management capacity’ are determinants that were not previously identified in the field of cultural heritage. The former stresses the need to disseminate the results of scientific research for their incorporation in the management of heritage sites. Vulnerability assessments such as those performed in this paper can be used to target interventions to protect and strengthen the resilience of cultural heritage to climate change impacts.