Achievement Trade-Offs and No Child Left Behind
Achievement Trade-Offs and No Child Left Behind
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成就权衡，不让一个孩子掉队
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Ballou
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文献类型：
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作者：
D. Ballou
根据《不让一个孩子掉队法》，各州必须制定最低水平标准，到2014年，几乎所有学生都必须达到这一标准。本文利用2002-03年和2005-06年之间来自七个州的纵向学生水平考试成绩数据，解决了以下研究问题：（1）NCLB是否提高了表现较差的学生的成绩？（2）这些收益是否以牺牲已经熟练或远远低于熟练目标的学生为代价？识别是通过利用这一事实，即在NCLB的早期，不是所有的等级都计算在确定AYP的目的。因此，对NCLB效应的估计是基于高风险与低风险年份的结果比较。作者发现了一致的证据表明，在假设的方向上存在成就权衡，尽管对任何特定学生的影响都不大。他们发现了各种各样的证据，表明远低于熟练水平的学生受到了NCLB的伤害;事实上，在更高的年级水平上，他们似乎受益匪浅。NCLB对效率的影响虽然是积极的，但似乎是适度的。
Under the No Child Left Behind Act, states have been required to set minimum proficiency standards that virtually all students must meet by 2014. Using longitudinal, student-level test score data from seven states between 2002-03 and 2005-06 this paper addresses the following research questions: (1) Has NCLB increased achievement among lower-performing students? ; (2) Have these gains come at the expense of students who are already proficient or far below the proficiency target? Identification is achieved by exploiting the fact that in the early years of NCLB, not all grades counted for purposes of determining AYP. Thus the estimate of the NCLB effect is based on a comparison of outcomes in high-stakes vs. low-stakes years. The authors find consistent evidence of an achievement trade-off in the hypothesized direction, though the effects on any given student are not large. They find mixed evidence that students far below the proficient level have been harmed by NCLB; in fact at higher grade levels they appear to have benefitted. Effects of NCLB on efficiency, while positive, appear to be modest.